Краткие сообщения. Рубрика в журнале - Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Серия: Компьютерные технологии, управление, радиоэлектроника
"Умный город": стандарты, проблемы, перспективы развития
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Рассматриваются основные трактовки понятия «умный город», описаны ключевые действующие международные и национальные стандарты, описаны основные проблемы цифровизации городского хозяйства в России. Формирование стандартов «умного города» в России актуально тем, что такие стандарты выступают ориентиром в планировании долгосрочных и краткосрочных мероприятий по цифровизации городского хозяйства. Открытые и универсальные стандарты ускоряют и удешевляют разработки в этой сфере. Вместе с тем к настоящему моменту Министерством строительства и жилищно-коммунального хозяйства Российской Федерации (Минстроем России) были разработаны базовые и дополнительные требования к «умным городам». Представлен сравнительный анализ международных стандартов «умного города» с требованиями, разработанными Минстроем России. В некоторых странах, активно реализующих программы по развитию «умных городов», в качестве ориентиров используются локализованные с учетом местной специфики международные стандарты. Так, для реализации программ по развитию «умных городов» в Республике Корея (программа «Умный Сеул») были локализованы стандарты, разработанные техническим комитетом ISO/TC 268, в том числе стандарт ISO 37120:2014 «Устойчивое развитие сообществ - индикаторы городских сервисов и качества жизни», а для городов - участников программы «Сто умных городов» («Smart Cities Mission») в Индии рекомендуется следование набору стандартов Британского института стандартизации (BSI) при реализации программы на всех уровнях. В работе использованы разработки международной организации по стандартизации (ISO), Британского института стандартизации, нормативные документы, подготовленные Минстроем России, и другие исследования, касающиеся развития «умных городов».
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A device for simulating solar electromagnetic radiation microwave bursts
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There has been grounded the relevance of carrying out the research on the estimation of the modifying role of the Sun microwave radiation splashes on biorhythms of organisms. It has been noted that the necessary condition of such research realization is impossible without the construction of a device for microwave bursts simulating. There are provided the main characteristics that determine the physical basis for such a device construction, as well as its functional capabilities. The constructed device for simulating solar electromagnetic radiation microwave bursts in the frequency range of about 4 GHz has no analogues in the world. It allows us to obtain new knowledge about the interaction of organisms with electromagnetic radiation of natural and technogenic origin, its influence on various high-frequency biorhythms of organisms and microorganisms in particular.
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In the article a new method of material resources management for industrial enterprises is introduced. The method is based on the concepts of sustainable development and the elements of environmental management theory, such as life cycle assessment and material flow cost accounting. Steps that have to be completed in order to improve material resources efficiency are outlined and discussed in detail. Two possible optimization routines are also introduced and reviewed, namely: search for a better production technology via comparative analysis of available alternatives of manufacturing operations and material flows redistribution procedure. The flowchart of material flows redistribution algorithm is shown.
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About the precision of the liquid doser of slit type with waveformated surfaces
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The device is used as an executive element of systems of biomedical assignment and can is used as the precision doser of liquid. The doser represents the slot-hole camera with waveformated surfaces. In contrast to the devices of peristaltic type with an elastic hose the considered device has no essential restrictions of downstream pressure and doesn't contaminate the transported liquid. In work the current of an incompressible fluid in a flat slot of infinite width is considered. Two cases of creation of the waveformated movement in an operating slot are analyzed: the movement in the form of the running wave and the movement in the form of the fluctuations modulated by the running wave. In the latter case, it is possible to implement, irrespective of the required frequency of the running wave, rather big resonant fluctuations of elements of the piezoelectric transducer. It, in turn, allows to receive, at high resonance frequency, a small-size design of the piezoelectric transducer. At the same time in its operating slot there is a longitudinal movement of waves of resonant vibration, and the pressure differentials corresponding to them. Flow of an incompressible liquid in a flat gap is considered. The equation of Reynolds is used for the description of driving of the fluid environment, the decision concerning pressure is brought to analytical expressions or quadratures. The lubricant flow rate and difference of pressure is defined on working length in an explicit form. Increase in pressure and expense in thin layers of an incompressible fluid with growth of amplitude and frequency of wave movements is shown. It is noted that it is slightly less magnitude of pressure differentials and expenses in layers with the fluctuations modulated by the running wave, than in layers with the running wave. These results are assessment from above and can be significantly less at emergence of cavitation in liquid. The analytical results received in work allowed to consider also questions of ensuring accuracy of operation of the doser in the different modes of its operation. It is shown that the largest accuracy of dispensing is reached when transporting liquid from a vessel in a vessel with identical pressure or in case of overlapping of a gap crests of a running wave.
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Application of the neural network for recognition of artificially generated images
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This article investigated the use of a neural network with back propagation for pattern recognition. The basic technique of neural network training is revealed. An artificial system was created to generate values similar to standard, rotated at different angles. An experiment was conducted during which it was established that a neural network can be trained on artificial examples (images), and then used for analysis of reference values.
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Asymptotic behavior of a delay differential model in population dynamics
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Considered a scalar nonlinear delay differential equation of the certain species, for which suf-ficient conditions for oscillation of all solutions and asymptotical stability of the positive equilibrium are obtained.
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The article is devoted to the explanation of the role of averaging and mixing in applied problems in technology and economics. The article provides the examples of applied problems solved at the Mathematical Programming Department of the N.N. Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics and at the department of Econometrics and Statistics of the Graduate School of Economics and Management of the Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Eltsin. These are the problems in geology, mining and metallurgy, placement and development of enterprises which were traditionally solved in the Urals. Besides, the problems in planning and operational management at ore-dressing and processing enterprises were solved. A new wave of operational management at enterprises started at the beginning of 2000’s should be noted. This operational management applied the committee method. Being mathematicians, we specified certain inaccuracies in publications made before 1990 on this subject. It is noteworthy that the principal performers of this research - the research workers of the Mathematical Programming Department - were awarded with the medals of Exhibitions of Economic Achievements of USSR. The set of research done by N. Bourbaki’s seminar participants was devoted to averaging and mixing. In general, the research performed at the Mathematical Programming Department and in N. Bourbaki’s seminar provided a better understanding of material averaging and activity combination processes. Modern applied research requires a more detailed solution substantiation in terms of pragmatics that was also noted in the article. When solving these problems a method of committee construction was applied. This is also a fundamentally important approach to solving incompletely formalized problems of optimal decisions.
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Blockchain technology and the possibilities of its use
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Introduction. With the development of digital technology, most familiar processes are changing. Without information technology, it is already impossible to imagine either medicine or the field of education. Big data and artificial intelligence come to almost every area of society, everything around is becoming “smart”. According to the forecasts of the participants of the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, held in 2019, the global market for products using artificial intelligence and advanced information technologies can grow by almost 17 times by 2024. A national strategy for the development of technologies in the field of artificial intelligence and information technologies has been prepared in the Russian Federation, and a detailed action plan has been integrated into the national program “Digital Economy”. Digitalization today covers almost all aspects of the interaction of the citizen and business with authorities. Digitalization of business processes takes place, technologies are introduced into the activities of industrial enterprises, in the organization of public services and financial institutions. Aim. Consider the technology of blockchain, its origin, advantages and disadvantages, as well as the possibilities and prospects of using this technology. Materials and methods. As part of the materials and methods, one should point to an analysis of the theoretical foundations of the blockchain technology, the practical results of its implementation and use in various fields of activity: from public life to business. Since it is blockchain technology that occupies a special place among the promising information technologies and is increasingly used in business, as well as government, and will undoubtedly affect the familiar picture of the world, how the Internet has changed the world of information exchange in its time. Results. The article makes an attempt to assess the origin, current state, the possibilities of using blockchain technology, as well as its impact on traditional business processes and socio-economic transformation as a result of the digitalization process. Conclusion. It is believed that blockchain technology can be a real breakthrough in the field of finance, secure databases and the reliability of certain facts. For the largest foreign and domestic companies, this is not just a concept from an approximate future, but now it is part of the business, and the future life of society as a whole depends on how well it is to use and manage blockchain technology.
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Calculation of the directional pattern of the electric radiator near the circular cylinder
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Calculation of radiation pattern of the electrical radiator over a circular cylinder is presented. Radiation pattern of the electrical radiator taking into account influence of circular cylinder is calculated by the method of mirrorings. The received results of calculation were compared to the results found by the numerical method in strict electrodynamic problem definition. Theoretical results are in good quantitative compliance with the experimental ones. The offered method allows to calculate radiation pattern of the electrical radiator over a circular cylinder quite simple.
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Comparative assessment of the housing reproduction efficiency at the regional level
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The article describes the testing method of assessing the effectiveness of reproduction housing on the example of the Urals Federal District: Tyumen (without autonomous region), Kurgan, Sverd-lovsk and Chelyabinsk region. The method based on the calculation of the integraete index for the assessment of housing reproduction efficiency and average growth rate characterizing the dynamics of housing reproduction. Evaluating the effectiveness of the reproduction of the housing stock was carried out for the period of 6 years from 2010 to 2015 inclusive. The article reveals the leader with the highest rates of reproduction of housing among the regions based on calculations made by the method. Graphical visualization of the results presented in the evaluation matrix of efficiency of reproduction. As a result of assessment of the most effective policies property reproduction in the Tyumen region (without autonomous region), the least effective - in the Kurgan region. The efficiency of the housing stock in the reproduction of the Chelyabinsk region is below average, in the Sverdlovsk region is above average. On the basis of indicators developed by evaluating the effectiveness of the reproduction of the housing stock in the article also presents the results of applying the algorithm of automatic ratings of the regions as a result of the reproduction of housing for the duration of the evaluation.
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Comparison of JavaScript libraries for web-cartography
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Due to the active development of web-cartography, the article deals with the currently relevant cartographic JavaScript libraries, namely: Yandex.Maps, Google Maps, OpenLayers and Leaflet.JS, which are the basis of most modern geographic information portals. For each library an overview of the main functions and benefits is provided. The author defines a number of general requirements for cartographic libraries for visualization of spatial data. Particular attention is paid to the built-in tools and support for spatial data formats “out of the box” and their participation in existing projects. Using the specified requirements, then an analysis is carried out on a number of criteria, which ultimately makes it possible to make an assumption for the solution of which problems and under what conditions it is worth to use one or another library.
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Correction of the arc array excitation using genetic algorithm
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The method of correction the discrete phase distribution of the circular arc phased array for alignment of bearing directions of the navigation radio beacons is proposed. Switchboarding step-scanning pattern of the arc array is accompanied by subscanning for given minimal discrete scan angle. The exact technique to determine the amplitude and phase distributions for the arc array excitation is proposed. This technique include both the mutual coupling of the array radiators and influence of the current distribution on cylindrical surface, over array is located. Numerical method for reducing size of the system of linear algebraic equiations is developed. This system due to corresponding summarize-integral equiations. It is shown that discretization of finding phase distribution (amplitude distribution is fixed) leads to inaccurate bearing directions of navigation radio beacons. For correcting the phase distribution is used the genetic algorithm, which has some advantages over traditional techniques of optimization. The results of modeling the subscanning mode shows practical utility and efficiency of the proposed correcting technique.
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The scheduled maintenance allows us to prevent breakdowns and unplanned downtime of equipment but limits the flexibility of manufacturing systems. On the other hand, condition monitoring concept enhances the manufacturing systems flexibility but requires reliable diagnostic information in real-time. Modern technologies, e.g., wireless power and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), allow implementing high-sensitivity sensors such as the Wireless Acceleration Sensor (WAS) for condition monitoring. The WAS is mounted on a machinery rotating shaft and the WAS measures angular, linear accelerations and angle of the shaft simultaneously. Moreover, the WAS contains a high-performance microcontroller, which allows processing measured data and estimating machinery condition in real-time. However, the accuracy of the angle measurement by the WAS significantly affects the accuracy of linear accelerations measurement by the WAS. In this paper, the authors propose the novel numerical method which allows us to measure accurately of a rotation angle and linear accelerations of the shaft. The method is based on a regularization technique and application of finite-difference equations. Besides, the study shows the results of simulation at applying the numerical method to calculate the rotation angle of the shaft using measurement data, which contain noise, obtained from the wireless accelerations sensor. The simulation results show that the numerical method effectively determines the rotating angle and the method is robust to noise.
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Developing the corporate standards on planning projects in real estate and construction sector
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Project management is an important stimulus for development of different countries and regions, industries, as well as organizations - companies and firms. Projects realization aiming to help organizations in achieving its strategic goals have to have the certain management system, including all processes from initiation till completion with the key role of planning. The challenge that companies faces today is to develop the adequate and optimum corporate standard at the company level when the project management standards and the sector (industry) normative documentation have different glossaries and terminology. Companies task is to develop the norms and rules at its level that will give the possibility to organize the project planning processes combining the existing PM methodologies approaches and specific sector normative documentation. In modern world it is important to develop and apply planning processes to provide the companies with the tools to achieve the goals and objectives in more efficient way both at the organization and separate projects levels as social and economic systems. The authors of the article analyze planning processes in the existing project management international and national standards, define the problem and set the task of developing the project planning standard for application in the certain sector of economy or industry.
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This paper describes creation of database application, which correspond the requirements of data security. The main emphasis is put on protection of personal information. It is shown that increase of security level is reached due to normalization, especially to the level of the fifth normal form, safety of metadata and tables keys, existence audit tool for control user actions, the accounting of the destroyed data and its repeated destruction at restore database from backup copy, determination of volume of the destroyed data, which won't allow inappropriate data using.
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Development of a management and monitoring system for a city farm
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For any manager of an agro-industrial enterprise, the use of resources is used for the efficient use of resources: labor, land, working capital and other. For this reason, the production processes of agriculture are already almost completely mechanized around the world, which is the productivity of an enterprise. The next logical step in increasing the productivity of agricultural enterprises is the automation and digitalization of agricultural production. Therefore, in order to remain competitive with the world leaders in agricultural production, it is necessary to integrate IoT technologies. It is predicted that the introduction of modern automation technologies in the agro-industrial complex will increase yields more than the inventions of the tractor, herbicides and GMOs. City farming is gradually becoming such a solution. In some megacities, urban farms are built on the rooftops of buildings, and in some places there are entire skyscrapers with vertical farms. Experts say that the quality and environmental friendliness of products grown in this way is much higher than that of counterparts grown in a traditional way. In this regard, the relevance in creating an application for a smart farm has been identified. Such an application will allow you to be more attentive to all parameters of plant growth thanks to sensors for humidity, light, temperature and other data that can be transmitted to a smartphone. The purpose of the study is to develop a management and monitoring system for a city farm. Materials and methods. The mobile application is implemented using the Xamarin framework in C# and JavaScript. The firmware for the microcontroller is written in C. Results. The paper provides an overview of management and monitoring systems for smart farms, a methodological comparison of advantages and disadvantages. The architecture of the control and monitoring system was also discovered. Implemented a mobile application and software. The functionality and design of the mobile application has been tested on various devices. Conclusion. The city farm management and monitoring system has been successfully developed. As further scientific work, it is planned to develop a mathematical model for more optimal farm management. This work can be useful in the field of decentralized agriculture.
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Development of methodical maintenance of decision support process automated control production
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The article suggests a complex system models of industrial enterprises, which connect with the object management. These models allow us to construct a single circuit management of expenses on the responsibility centers with decomposition on hierarchical levels. The article presents valuation model optimal point in time for the formation of control actions based on Kolmogorov differential equations. This mathematical model allows us to implement the principle of coordinating actions to manage costs in the abnormal production situations. This model allows you to define the consequences functions of taken decisions using functional and cost analysis. The article describes technique of creation of decision-making support procedures in emergency production situations on the expenses model system. This model formalizes knowledge of domain data experts. The model need to automate functions of intellectual control.
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Introduction. The method of processing experimental data obtained in the form of a time-varying non-stationary signal is described. In the experimental study of transients associated with changes in the heart rate of schoolchildren during a proof-reading test, it became necessary to develop a new effective method for processing the results of dynamic measurements. Purpose of the study. Consider the main points of this methodology, which is based on the Prony method, and the possibility of its use in the field of studies of changes in heart rate variability (HRV) in response to various functional test influences. Materials and methods. Traditional approaches related to the calculation of power spectral density (PSD) and based on classical spectral methods are currently very widespread. The model of constant rhythm is not applicable for non-stationary dependencies of HRV. For spectral analysis of time dependences of HRV reflecting transient processes (non-stationary processes) it is proposed to apply spectral analysis on the plane of complex frequencies (PCF). PCF is a generalization of the usual spectrum. The calculation of the PCF is based on the Prony procedure, based on parametric modeling. Results. PCF reflects the frequency structure of oscillations of unsteady physiological signals, therefore, can be used to classify them. It is shown that the use of spectral analysis on the plane of complex frequencies for transient processes of the heart rhythm makes it possible (according to the parameters of the PCF) to calculate, for diagnostic purposes, the numerical values of the parameters characterizing the reactions of various regulatory mechanisms of the heart rhythm in response to various functional test influences. Conclusion. The best results, as compared with the methods of classical spectral analysis, for the analysis of transients in the form of a HRV signal were given by approaches based on the use of spectral analysis on the plane of complex frequencies.
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Management of the market economy requires the use of various economic and mathematical methods and models. The modeling method is the most important universal method of investigation. The model, as a rule, differs from the object of research, but certainly has a similarity, similar to this object, primarily with respect to those characteristics that are subject to study and forecasting. The model of a complex system is also a system that has a physical embodiment, or written with mathematical notation, numbers, words, graphic images, and so on. Thus, the model is a physical or sign system similar to the system under investigation with respect to the functional and structural characteristics that are the subject of the study. There are various economic and mathematical models that are used in scientific research. The most common are the models of correlation-regression analysis, production functions and systems of econometric equations. As a rule, modern research in the field of economics and management is focused on the use of a single tool for data analysis. This article will consistently apply all of these models, which allows you to conduct the most complete and objective analysis of the mutual impact of production performance of a construction company. The article proposes an economic and mathematical model of competitiveness management of a construction enterprise based on the compilation of a system of recursive econometric equations. Formulas for calculating the endogenous and exogenous variables participating in the model are given. The calculation of the main performance indicators of the construction company is made. Proceeding from the constructed model and based on the methodology of multicriteria optimization, the authors determined the optimal indices of the production activity of the construction enterprise taking into account the given limitations. The authors analyze in detail the obtained results of calculations and convincingly proves the relevance of the methodology proposed in the article.
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Federated learning is utilized for automated ground robot navigation, enabling decentralized training and continuous model adaptation. Strategies include hardware selection, ML model design, and hyperparameter fine-tuning. Real-world application involves optimizing communication protocols and evaluating performance with diverse network conditions. Federated learning shows promise for machine learning-based life learning systems in ground robot navigation. Research objective: to explore the use of federated learning in automated ground robot navigation and optimize the system for improved performance in dynamic environments.
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