Статьи журнала - Экономика и бизнес: теория и практика
Все статьи: 7568
Статья научная
The aim of the article is to analyze the socio-economic and political results of the land and water reform in 1921-1922, 1927-1928 in Kyrgyzstan. It is noted that the main objective of the reform was the implementation of the nationalization of land policy and the elimination of bai-manaps as a class. Reform in 1921-1922 covered the northern regions, as a result of which land sites of bai-manaps and lands belonging to Russian settlers were nationalized, 197 thousand acres of land were liberated, and about six thousand peasantry farms were organized in their place. In 1927-1928 in the southern regions, 46 thousand hectares of irrigated and 2.3 million hectares of rainfed land were withdrawn to the land fund, as a result, 186 thousand peasants were provided with land sites. As a result of the land and water reform, the process of settling of nomads increased; by 1927, 62% of Kyrgyz households switched to a settled way of life. As a result of the liquidation of bai-manaps as a class, in 1929, out of 190 thousand Kyrgyz households, 3.5 thousand considered kulaks and they were sent into exile outside the republic. With the reduction of bai-manap farms, social changes began in society.
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Solutions for Vietnamese labor market in condition of forming Asean Economic Community
Статья научная
At the end of 2015 Vietnam joined ASEAN Economic Community, which is a very important event creating a momentous turning-point to the Labor Market of Vietnam. The Economic Community will establish a very huge market, give potential opportunities to Vietnamese workers, impulse the development of technology and contribute to the productivity. However, when AEC shapes, Vietnam will have to face relatively big challenges. Therefore, particular solutions are necessary for Vietnamese laborers to adapt and compete with the workers of other countries in ASEAN.
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Solutions of European public debt crisis
Статья научная
This article describes prerequisites, which led to the European federal debt crisis. There are analyzed possible ways to escape crisis continuation and potential ways of solution. Moreover, there are analyzed problems, which arise in case off regulation setting as well.
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Some aspects of improving the analysis of indicators of economic potential of economic entities
Статья научная
This article is devoted to studying the aspects of the formation and use of the economic potential of business entities, which determines their main competitive advantages in various economic and financial performance indicators. In addition, the article analyzes the indicators of the economic potential of business entities in development countries. The results of the study made it possible to formulate some conclusions and recommendations.
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Spatial forms of regional development problems manifestation
Статья научная
Nevertheless "The strategy of spatial development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025" was adopted the problem of territorial-spatial development remains relevant and seen to be relevant in today's conditions. In view of this consideration, the problem of spatial development on the territory of Russia is topical. This paper examines the key problems of territorial and spatial development that are typical for all subjects of the Federation in general, and in particular for the Karachai-Cherkes Republic. A comparative analysis was made between the indicators for the Russian Federation, the North Caucasus Federal District and the Karachaш-Cherkes Republic on the following indicators: investment in fixed assets, unemployment rate, share of the population with incomes below the subsistence minimum. Based on this comparative analysis, it is concluded that the situation in the region with regard to the spatial forms of regional development problems has serious shortcomings, which are manifested in the form of the poor quality of socio-economic development of the Republic, and the existing problems of the region require urgent state intervention aimed more at the development of various sectors of the economy. Certain measures are suggested to eliminate the identified shortcomings.
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Specialties of the practice of consumer credit in Russia during the period of economic instability
Статья научная
The article discusses the main trends and features of consumer lending in the modern period of economic instability. The structure and dynamics of consumer lending to the population in 2020-2021 and the first quarter of 2022 are considered. Multidirectional factors influencing on the "debt load" of the population are characterized. On the basis of published data, the volume and structure of savings of the population are shown. The actions of the Bank of Russia aimed at reducing the overdue debt of the population on consumer loans are considered.
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Stages of development of equipment and accounting of goods with application of web-technologies
Статья научная
The article outlines the main stages in the development of commodity science as a science. The formulas of pricing and turnover of goods are studied. The tendency of development of commodity science is revealed. The influence of information technologies in commodity science is considered.
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Статья научная
The article analyzes state programs as a tool for the development of the digital economy. The author examines the effectiveness of achieving targets. Main problems are caused by incorrect targets. In addition, there is no unified system of evaluation of state programs. The author proposes to solve the problem by changing and supplementing several indicators, developing a uniform methodology for evaluating government programs.
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Structurization of knowledge arrays using cognitive modeling tools
Статья научная
The article presents the results of research and modeling of the structuring of knowledge sets. Finding a solution to this pressing problem is especially important in the current period of development of our country. To achieve this, it is proposed to use cognitive modeling tools. A knowledge representation model has been developed. It is an extension of the existing model in cognitive modeling in the form of a signed digraph and is based on a conceptual model of knowledge representation in the form of a knowledge field. The novelty of the research results lies in the description of the studied bodies of knowledge in structural and functional aspects. The cognitive map of the body of knowledge is described in the functional system of the knowledge field, and the results of its structural and functional decomposition are described in the conceptual system of the knowledge field.
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Study of definition of "educational services" in economic science
Статья научная
The aim of the study is to analyze the definition of "educational services" in economic science. The author analyzes the definitions associated with the provision and receipt of educational services. The following methods were used for the study: empirical methods (the study of normative legal acts and scientific-methodological literature; content analysis of scientific sources; monitoring of publications); methods of theoretical analysis (comparative and retrospective one; specification and generalization; classification; induction and deduction). The results are of great scientific importance - three scientific facts about the definition of "educational services" are shown. At the same time, the author proposes to use the new meaning of the definition of " educational services". The definition of "educational services" is an element of the educational activities of the provider and the consumer, with the aim of satisfying the established and perceived educational preferences of the consumer. The results can be used to study the processes of providing and receiving of educational services.
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Статья научная
Provided the impact of sanction restrictions such problem as competitive ability of Russian enterprises at both internal and external markets can be solved by means of activation of the development of its intellectual potential, directly influencing its enhancement. Many foreign and national economists recognize that the development of the intellectual potential directly influences the enhancement of the competitive ability of not only certain enterprises, but also of branches and economics of different countries. The analysis of results of scientific researchers of foreign and Russian authors showed that till the present time there is no common determination of the intellectual potential, neither clear perception of its economic essence and structural components. With that many scientists, while offering different approaches to the determination of such a notion, fairly assume that in modern conditions the intellectual potential became one of most important factors of the economics’ development. With that as main peculiarity of its formation should be considered the growth of the number of structural components simultaneously with the sophistication and enhancement of the dynamics of manufacturing of the innovative production, works and services. The article substantiates the need for the incorporation of new components into the intellectual potential structure, what can be considered as modern novations at the analysis of the studied notion. Above mentioned circumstances make the topic of this article timely for the modern stage of development of Russian economics.
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Systemic principles and regularities of commercial enterprise as a socio-economic system
Статья научная
In this paper, on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature on the theory of organizational management and the economy of an organization, the authors study system principles and some regularities of the functioning of commercial enterprises in conditions of free competition and the operation of a market mechanism. The authors proved that commercial organizations in the modern national economy act as a socio-economic system.
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Targeting inflation: goals and content
Статья научная
The article discusses the main provisions of inflation targeting as the main method for implementing the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia. The features of the application of this method in Russia are briefly described. The advantages and disadvantages of inflation targeting are described. The influence of the increase in the value added tax (VAT) rate on inflation dynamics in the Russian Federation is considered. It is concluded that non-monetary factors of inflation, which are very significant in the Russian economy, remain outside the purview of the CBR, and the inflation expectations of economic entities are much higher than the target, and sofar the CBR cannot fix it.
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Статья научная
Many enterprises of the Russian defense-industrial complex (DIC), along with the production of innovative multi-product military products, are engaged in the production of various types of civilian products. At different periods of time, they are all faced with the need to resolve issues of expanding the range and increasing the volume of innovative products produced. Typically, for this purpose, enterprises modernize existing technological equipment or use other production factors. This approach ensures an increase in production volumes in accordance with the new demands of sales markets. It is carried out taking into account changes in production technologies, the composition of labor resources and the structure of fixed assets, reducing unit costs and labor intensity, analyzing supply and demand in certain segments of product markets in different periods of time. For a specific development option for the enterprise, a model for optimizing the characteristics of the production process is formed by solving linear programming problems. The coefficients of variables in solving these problems depend on parameters that take into account the adaptation of the model representation of a specific situation to real conditions. The proposed optimization technology can be used in the activities of multi-product enterprises of the Russian defense industry to expand the range and increase the volume of innovative products produced.
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Territory marketing as a way to attract foreign investment
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the use of such a tool as territory marketing, which is necessary to attract foreign investment. The article takes into account the current geopolitical situation affecting the economy of the Russian Federation. International ratings are considered, in historical dynamics. The necessity of attracting foreign investments for the renewal of fixed assets in the country and the use of terrain branding for this purpose is revealed.
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The Maastricht treaty: historical turning point eventually led to crisis
Статья научная
The article is devoted to consideration of the fundamental shortcomings of the Treaty of the European Union, which reflected the euro-crisis. An assumption is made, that for such countries as Greece, Ireland and Portugal to overcome the pressing economic situation the initial policy of the member-states must be reconsidered and certain measures on the supranational European level are to be introduced. In the final part possible exact steps to solve the crisis in Europe are suggested.
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The application of digital technology as a means of combating the pandemic
Статья научная
This article is concerned with reflecting on the digital technologies importance by analyzing their use during the coronavirus spread. The digitalization role in all areas of public life - from medicine to education - is demonstrated. The pandemic, turning into a major worldwide crisis, required states, organizations, institutions, and individuals to develop strategies to combat it. The results indicate that digitalization has contributed to global economic survival by providing industry automation, ecommerce, and support for high risk occupations. While this paper focuses on the digitalization role in the virus era, these discussions can to a high extent be applied in other timeframes. Even though digitization alone is incapable of ending the virus, the study delves deeper into the search for its true potential. The true opportunity potential also represents the ubiquity of connectivity to audio and video applications such as Google, Zoom and Skype, linking people together and facilitating elearning.
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The concept of inflation and deflation: which is worse for the economy?
Статья научная
The article examines two key economic phenomena - inflation and deflation, and also analyzes their causes, types and consequences for economic stability. Inflation is defined as a persistent increase in prices that reduces the purchasing power of money. Deflation, on the other hand, is a decrease in the general price level, which, although it increases the purchasing power of money, can lead to negative consequences such as economic stagnation and increased unemployment. The article also discusses in detail the main causes of inflation and deflation. The article concludes by comparing the economic impacts of inflation and deflation, emphasizing that each presents unique issues and challenges. Inflation can lead to loss of purchasing power, uncertainty, income redistribution and reduced competitiveness. Deflation can contribute to the emergence of a debt trap, a reduction in production and investment costs, and increased economic stagnation. The author comes to the conclusion that both phenomena require a careful approach on the part of decision makers in the field of economic policy in order to minimize their negative impact on the economy.
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The concept of inflation and its’ essential role in the economy
Статья научная
Inflation is one of the key categories of economic theory. Its regulation helps to solve various social and economic problems, and its timely forecasting contributes to the optimal management of economic activities of the subjects. The correct assessment of the future rate of change in prices for goods and services to achieve success in the implementation of projects, determine the break-even point and find the optimal price of products, which will help maximize profits. In addition, accurate forecasting of the level of inflation helps to reduce the costs in the future, which increase during the crisis phenomena in economic systems. This article discusses the main theoretical principles of inflation in terms of theoretical provisions that can be used to predict the speed of price indices for future periods.
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Статья научная
The article examines the main aspects of the development of the Bank of Russia's supervisory activities as a mega-regulator of the financial market. Five main institutional models of the organization of banking supervision, functioning in foreign practice, are characterized. The study of models of financial supervision of foreign countries with developed markets makes it possible to form a combined model of supervision over financial market entities, which is, according to a number of researchers, the most effective model of supervision and regulation. This model is based on supervisory business-processes. In relation to the financial supervisor, the term "business-processes" is used in the meaning of "functional activities". The functions of the Bank of Russia as a mega-regulator of the financial market for control and supervision over financial and non-credit organizations are considered. It is emphasized that the activity of the Central Bank in the securities market is characterized by changes in the sphere of its regulation. As in the banking sector, their activities were influenced by the actions of the Central Bank. Having become a mega-regulator, the Bank of Russia has tightened its supervision over the professional activities of stock market participants.
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