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Alterations in the phosphorus metabolism during seed germination of Simarouba glauca

Alterations in the phosphorus metabolism during seed germination of Simarouba glauca

Desai Nivas, Patil Manasi, Narayankar Chirag, Gaikwad D.K.

Статья научная

Phosphorus (P) is the second most important macronutrient for plant growth and is responsible for plant metabolism. Phosphorus is an important component of nucleic acid and also a component of phospholipids as a basic requirement for cellular organization and function as a membrane building block. Plants respond to Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) in phosphorus content in a variety of ways. A study was conducted to assess the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases on seed germination and seedling growth in response to various PGRs of S. glauca at different time intervals. Seeds were subjected to 100 ppm solutions of various PGRs, which include GA, 6-BA, CCC, SA, Cysteine, and Methionine. The activity of the enzymes ATPase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase increases in response to the most of PGRs.

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Alterations of protein and DNA profiles of Zea mays L. under UV- B radiation

Alterations of protein and DNA profiles of Zea mays L. under UV- B radiation

John De britto A., Jeevitha M., Leon Stephan raj T.

Статья научная

UV radiation is an important stress factor for plants which may result in damage to genetic system and cell membranes and several metabolic processes. UV-B has greater damaging effects on plants because the cell macromolecules such as DNA and protein having strong absorption at 280-320 nm. In the present study, UV-B stress was given to the seeds of ZeamaysL. two different time intervals (30 and 60 min) and that stressed seeds were grown under normal environment condition. The leaves of 10thand 20thday seedlings were collected for the analysis of protein and DNA profiles. Protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and DNA was analyzed by Restriction enzymes. When compared with control plants, increased numbers of protein and DNA bands were observed in UV-B treated plants. The present study concluded that the plant synthesis new proteins and DNA under UV treatment for the adaptation to the environmental conditions. These stressed proteins could be used as biomarkers for identification of stressed plant. Identification of quantitative trait loci for UV stress resistance may well be an effective analytical tool. This approach is promising, considering that saturated DNA marker maps are now available for both genetic model plants and crop plants.

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Altitude-induced biochemical variations in Picrorhiza kurrooa from Uttarakhand

Altitude-induced biochemical variations in Picrorhiza kurrooa from Uttarakhand

Pokhriyal Anshika, Vijay Suhani, Patni Babita

Статья научная

Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth, commonly known as Kutki, is a high-altitude medicinal herb valued for its hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. This study investigates the effect of altitude on the biochemical composition of P. kurrooa populations from three sites in Uttarakhand: Tungnath (3200 m asl), Baniyakund (2460 m asl), and Pothibasa (2200 m asl). Fresh rhizomes were collected, authenticated, and analyzed for primary and secondary metabolites, including proteins, soluble sugars, starch, proline, phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids. Results revealed a significant increase in soluble protein (67.39±5.9 mg/g fr.wt.), proline (18.50±0.52 µmol/g), phenolics (86.45±1.61 µg/ml GAE), and flavonoid content (29.8±0.52 µg QE/ml) in the Tungnath population compared to lower altitudes. Soluble sugars were also highest in Tungnath, while starch content decreased with altitude. The higher metabolite concentrations at elevated altitudes are attributed to environmental stress factors such as UV-B radiation and cold temperatures, promoting adaptive responses in the plant. These findings underscore the superior adaptability and pharmaceutical potential of high-altitude populations, particularly the Tungnath genotype. Conservation and sustainable cultivation practices are recommended to preserve this endangered species and reduce pressure on wild populations.

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Alzheimer's disease: a threat to mankind

Alzheimer's disease: a threat to mankind

Pandey Poorti, Singh Mritunjai, Gambhir I.S.

Статья обзорная

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neurodegenerative disorder common among elderly involving deficits in memory and cognition. There has been a long history of research and medical practice in AD worldwide, during which different facts came into light. During recent decades with new technologies being integrated, progress has been made in finding new genes responsible for AD, but diagnosis and treatment. In this review we will focus on molecular, genetic and other evidence underlying the known AD pathology.

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Ambient stress associated variations in metabolic responses of Marwari goat of arid tracts in India

Ambient stress associated variations in metabolic responses of Marwari goat of arid tracts in India

Pandey N., Kataria N., Kataria A.K., Joshi A.

Статья научная

Ambient stress associated variations in metabolic responses of Marwari breed of goat belonging to arid tracts in India were investigated by screening male and female goats of varying age groups during moderate, extreme hot and extreme cold ambiences. Metabolic responses were assessed by analyzing serum urea, creatinine, total proteins, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose and the mean values were 5.67±0.05mmol L-1, 120.98±1.44umol L-1, 69.8±0.10g L-1, 3.3±0.03mmol L-1 , 1.27±0.01mmol L-1 and 3.63±0.03mmol L-1, respectively during moderate ambience. The mean values of serum urea and creatinine were significantly (p≤0.05) higher during hot and cold ambiences, the mean value of total serum proteins and triglycerides were significantly (p≤0.05) lower during hot and cold ambiences and the mean values of cholesterol and glucose were significantly (p≤0.05) lower during hot ambience and significantly (p≤ 0.05) higher during cold ambience as compared to respective moderate mean value. Significant (p≤0.05) changes were observed in the value of each parameter according to sex and age. It was concluded that extreme hot and cold ambient temperatures affected the animals of both sexes and all age groups which was evident in the form of variations in the metabolic responses to combat the ambient stress.

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Ambient stress vis-a-vis enzyme regulators of carbohydrate metabolism in Marwari goat from arid tracts in India

Ambient stress vis-a-vis enzyme regulators of carbohydrate metabolism in Marwari goat from arid tracts in India

Pandey N., Kataria N., Kataria A.K., Joshi A., Sankhala L.N., Pachaury R., Asopa S.

Статья научная

The study was designed to determine modulation of enzyme regulators of carbohydrate metabolism in Marwari breed of goat of both sexes and varying age groups during moderate, extreme hot and cold ambiences. The enzyme regulators included sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) which were determined in the serum. The modderate ambience was considered as control for each enzyme regulator and the mean values in UL -1 were 8.67±0.005, 40.87±0.32, 8.04±0.003 and 7.53±0.005, respectively. The mean values of SDH, MDH and G-6-Pase were significantly (p≤0.05) higher during hot and cold ambiences in comparison to respective moderate mean value. However, the increase was more in cold than hot ambience for each case. The mean value of G-6-PDH was significantly (p≤0.05) higher during cold ambience while significantly (p≤0.05) lower during hot ambience in comparison to moderate mean value. In each ambience the sex and age effects were significant (p≤ 0.05) on each enzyme regulators. It could be concluded that extreme ambiences produced modulations in the metabolic reactions reflected on the basis of pattern of variations of enzyme regulators in the serum.

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Amelioration of fluoride toxicity with the use of indigenous inputs

Amelioration of fluoride toxicity with the use of indigenous inputs

Maitra A., Datta J.K., Mondal N.K.

Статья научная

An assessment was undertaken to study the efficacy of bacterial consortia isolated from different sources viz. rhizosphere of rice plant, oil spill sites of a petrol pump and from the sludge of a pharmaceutical waste water drain against the impact of fluoride. The experiments were conducted with two crops. In this mung bean experiment Vigna radiata was selected as a test crop. The seeds were sown in the field with bacterial consortia, compost and reduced dose (25% less nitrogen than recommended dose) of chemical fertilizer. After 30days of seed sowing (DAS), plants were collected from the field and dipped into the sodium fluoride solution with different concentrations for 48 hours. Thereafter, the impact of fluoride on chlorophyll, sugar, proline and relative water content (%) were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the stem section was performed. SEM studies revealed that anatomical structure deformed with 1.5 mg/l sodium fluoride solution. It was observed that such treatment combination during the sowing of crops leads to combat the impact of lower doses of sodium fluoride (0.2 mg/l). Another experiment was also conducted within plastic pots with and without bacterial consortia isolated from rhizosphere of rice plant and oil spilled soil of petrol pump with the same field soil. Each pot was filled with 5 kg of soil + 2lt of water (on the basis of soil saturation). Oryza sativa seedlings were transplanted with different strength of sodium fluoride solution (25 mgNaF/kg, 50 mgNaF/kg, 100 mgNaF/kg and 500mgNaF/kg) within the above pots. In second experiment, rice plants dried in all pots after 500 mgNaF/kg concentration of sodium fluoride. In this pot experiment bacterial strain are capable of reducing fluoride content in soil as noted by measuring fluoride in the pot soil after the experiment.

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Ameliorative effect of aqueous-acetone extract of Raphia sudanica mesocarp on streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and testicular damage in male Wistar rats

Ameliorative effect of aqueous-acetone extract of Raphia sudanica mesocarp on streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and testicular damage in male Wistar rats

Upev V.A., Akande T., Ogbe R.A., Ayuba D.T., Abu A.H.

Статья научная

Background; Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The present study aims to investigate the effects of 80% aqueous- acetone-extract of Raphia sudanica on streptozotocin induced diabetic male rats. A total of 25 adult male Wistar rats weighing between 200g and 250g were used in the study, The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control (nc), diabetic control, and diabetic rats treated orally with 100mg and 200mg kg/mg body weight. And 5mg/kg glibenclamide for 28 days. A single dose of 40mg/kg STZ was administered intraperitonially to induce diabetes. Oxidative makers, relative reproductive organ weights and sperm parameters were assessed. Results; The result revealed the presence of phytochemicals (alkaloids, phenols flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycoside, reducing sugars, terpenoids, saponins and volatile oils while steroids were not detected). The result showed a significant p function show_abstract() { $('#abstract1').hide(); $('#abstract2').show(); $('#abstract_expand').hide(); }

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Ameliorative effects of Ca 2+ on the growth, metabolism, cationic status and cell wall degrading enzymes of induced salinity stress Vicia faba L

Ameliorative effects of Ca 2+ on the growth, metabolism, cationic status and cell wall degrading enzymes of induced salinity stress Vicia faba L

Barakat Nasser A.M.

Статья научная

Vicia faba L. Plant was grown in a pot experiment to study the positive role of CaCl2 on NaCl induced stress in terms of growth parameters, metabolic, cation contents and cell wall degrading enzymes in different plant organs. The salinity treatments were having an osmotic potential of (0.0; -0.23;-0.46; -0.92 and -1.15 MPa), respectively. A hundred mL of 10 mM CaCl2 were added to the previous concentrations and harvested after 11 weeks old. The data revealed that, NaCl treatments reduced the growth parameters; which most sensitive in root than shoot. Organic cytosolutes were much higher in root than shoot organ except for protein accumulation. The amount of inorganic cytosolutes (Na+ and Ca2+) in general increased markedly in shoot than root and vice versa for K+ and Mg2+. CaCl2 treatment alone induces these parameters than control one. Mixed salts of NaCL and CaCl2 positively improve the aforementioned parameters with varying degrees depending on the organs. While root seems to be the more sensitive organ for growth parameters measured, it also seems most accumulator organ than shoot for many metabolites. For the ionic contents, shoot and root varies between the mono and divalent cations. Cell wall degrading enzymes significantly and progressively increased as salinity level of treated plants increased. However, CaCl2 treatments induced a significant reduction in the activity of these enzymes when compared with their respective NaCL treatments. The ameliorative percentage due to calcium application of stressed faba bean on growth parameters ranges from 17.53 to 79.55 %; for metabolites from 8.69 to 194.91; for ionic status from 9.94 to 56.67 %, and for cell wall degrading enzymes from 16.76 to 39.15 %. These data leads to strongly recommend adding CaCl2 to saline environment to decrease the deleterious effects of salinity.

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Ameliorative potential of Allium cepa or quercetin on the histology, immunohistochemistry and oxidative stress biomarkers parameters against potassium bromate-induced hepatotoxicity in adult male rats

Ameliorative potential of Allium cepa or quercetin on the histology, immunohistochemistry and oxidative stress biomarkers parameters against potassium bromate-induced hepatotoxicity in adult male rats

Agu Solomon T., Meshioye Deborah O., Akintola Ahmed A., Gbadegesin Michael A., Odunola Oyeronke A.

Статья научная

Background: Allium cepa has been linked to a variety of health advantages, although little is known about its hepatoprotective properties. Using biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histological markers, the current study was conducted to examine the efficacy of quercetin-rich aqueous extract of Allium cepa (AEAC) against potassium bromate-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats and the probable mechanism. There are a total of 40 male Wistar rats used in this study and were equally divided into eight (8) groups. Group A: Control. Group B: potassium bromate, KBrO3 (dissolved in water), at 30 mg/kg. Group C: Quercetin as a standard (50 mg/kg). Groups D and E: AEAC, at 300 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg respectively. Groups F and G: KBrO3 plus AEAC. Group H: KBrO3 plus quercetin. On alternate days for 90 days, all administrations were done by intubation. Results: KBrO3 generated a significant difference in the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and DNA fragmentation compared to the control (p 0.05). Histological and immunohistochemical examinations of liver samples revealed patterns that were comparable to those seen in enzyme biomarkers. In all cases, combining KBrO3 with AEAC or pure quercetin attenuated the effects of KBrO3. Conclusion: Therefore, potassium bromate induced hepatocellular toxicity via oxidative stress while treatment with the AEAC ameliorated its effects.

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Ameliorative role of ethanolic extract of Allium sativum (garlic) on chromium-induced membrane damage in male albino rats

Ameliorative role of ethanolic extract of Allium sativum (garlic) on chromium-induced membrane damage in male albino rats

Dey S.K., Dolai D.P.

Статья научная

Membrane damage is one of the most important consequences of chromium (Cr) induced cytotoxicity. Allium sativum (Garlic) possesses antioxidant property to scavenge the toxic radicals and cytoprotective activity. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the protective effects of ethanolic extract of garlic (EEG) on Cr-induced membrane damage of liver and kidneys in male albino rats. For this study male albino rats of Wistar strain (80-100 g) were used. Rats were divided into three groups of almost equal average body weight. The animals of two groups were injected K2Cr2O7 at a dose of 0.8 mg per 100 g body weight per day for 28 days. The animals of one of the Cr-treated groups served as the supplemented group supplied ethanolic extract of garlic (EEG) (400 mg per kg body weight) daily at an interval of 6 h after injection of Cr for a period of 28 days. The animals of the remaining group received only the vehicle (0.9% NaCl), served as control. The body weights were taken in each day of the treatment schedule. The results indicated that significant increases in membrane cholesterol as well as significant decreases in membrane phospholipid in Cr exposed animals suggest structural alterations in both liver and kidneys plasma membrane. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total ATPase, and Na+-K+- ATPase activities were significantly decreased in both liver and kidneys plasma membrane. On the other hand, EEG supplementation restores such alterations induced by Cr in plasma membrane of both liver and kidney. These findings indicate that Cr treatment at the present dose and duration induces structural and functional alterations in the plasma membrane in both liver and kidney. However, EEG supplementation restored such alterations induced by Cr in plasma membrane of both liver and kidneys but was not able to eliminate the deposited Cr from liver and kidney.

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Amiodarone induces the synthesis of HSPs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana cells

Amiodarone induces the synthesis of HSPs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana cells

Pyatrikas D.V., Fedoseeva I.V., Varakina N.N., Rusaleva T.M., Stepanov A.V., Rikhvanov E.G., Borovskii G.B., Voinikov V.K.

Статья

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An analytical approach for the heavy metals assemblage or accumulation in crop soil fertility and its impacts on health

An analytical approach for the heavy metals assemblage or accumulation in crop soil fertility and its impacts on health

Bhati D.

Статья обзорная

In current scenario the whole world facing a big problem for the collection and assemblages the heavy metal in Agriculture land or crop soil-fertility. The heavy metal contamination (HMC) is very harmful for our beautiful earth planet as well as human health issue. Due to the collection and assemblages of heavy metals in earth crust the soil -fertility will be reduced day by day, it is directly or indirectly affected the whole ecosystem and our environment. There are the many innovative methods or technique to analysis and determination for the assemblages and collection the heavy metal pollution or contaminated soil-fertility in Agriculture land, but they have some basic problem like high cost issue is a big problem, time taking process or method and technique, sophistication or complication issues of processes, some problem in planning and strategy issues. The main heavy metals are generally found in earth crust is Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu and As. The soil-fertility of farming crop depends on the contamination of heavy metals. These heavy metals will be isolate from the crop soil by some innovative methods, technique or research approaches like- phytochemical, phtyoremediation, phytodegradation processes. My research and analysis work on the assemblages or collection of common heavy metals (Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Hg, Cu, and Zn) in paddy crop soil atmosphere. The corn pickup and acquired the heavy metals in compare then paddy was very prone, it is commonly found. The descending order of assemblages and collection in paddy grains - (Cd > Cu > Cr > Pb > Hg > Zn).

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An appraisal on the stress amelioration of effluent treated vetiver plants amended with ascorbic acid in constructed wetlands

An appraisal on the stress amelioration of effluent treated vetiver plants amended with ascorbic acid in constructed wetlands

Dhanya G., Vinod Gopal V., Jaya D.S.

Статья научная

Industrial effluents are one of the major sources of direct and continuous input of pollutants in water bodies. It is the waste generated by manufacturing or industrial processes and it include wide variety of pollutants including harmful heavy metals. Therefore, water treatment is unavoidable though it is very expensive and very hard to carry out. Chemical treatments and electro-kinetics have been resulting in rendering the soil biologically dead and useless for plant growth. Therefore, vegetative methods (phytoremediation using hyper-accumulator plants) are thought to be most practical and economical. The study was conducted to find out the physiological and biochemical changes in Vetiver grass ( Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash.) treated with service station effluent in constructed wetlands, and to assess the phytoremediation potential of it. The study also aimed to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid treatment on the phytoremediation potential and biochemical changes of the wastewater stressed vetiver plants. In the study, ninety days old vetiver plants grown in constructed wetlands were treated with 15 L of automobile service station effluent for 15 days. Another test group plants were treated with the effluent along with ascorbic acid (10 mg ml -1) on alternate days for the 15 days. After the experimental period, treated effluents and the plant parts of the control and test groups were collected, and various chemical and biochemical attributes were determined following the standard procedures. Results of the study showed that more than 50% removal of pollutants was achieved after 15 days treatment in constructed wetlands. The biochemical analysis of treated plant parts showed decrease in the concentration of pigments, biomolecules, total phenols and nutrients. Also there was increase in the concentration of antioxidants and malondialdehyde. The study also revealed that the ascorbic acid addition to the constructed wetland system increased the concentration of pigments and biomolecules in the test plants. Ascorbic acid amendment enhanced the defence mechanism against the wastewater induced oxidative stress and thereby increased the pollutant removal efficiency of vetiver.

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An initial investigation of Otocarpus virgatus seeds germination an endemic, rare and threatened plant of Algeria

An initial investigation of Otocarpus virgatus seeds germination an endemic, rare and threatened plant of Algeria

Djebbouri Mohammed, Terras Mohamed, Zouidi Mohamed

Статья научная

Otocarpus virgatus Durieu is an endemic plant, very rare to a very narrow distribution around the region of Saïda (Algeria) critically endangered, it has indehiscent fruits. The objective of this work is to study the influence of its fruit pericarp on the germination of seeds and effects of different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) on the germination rate of isolated seeds or seeds in indehiscent siliques. The results of this study indicate that O. virgatus seeds have shallow physiological dormancy and pericarp significantly reduced germination, inhibition was not due to lack of water absorption by seeds but to chemical inhibitors and mechanical resistance .Exclusively in isolated seeds all concentrations of GA3 significantly increased the germination percentage and reduced the average germination time and no significant difference in the final germination percentages for the inside of the indehiscent siliques deals with the GA3. Our data provided useful information on germination protocols for the ex situ propagation of this endemic, rare and threatened species, being the first report on germination behaviour of seeds of this taxon.

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An insight on a-crystallin interactions with various proteins in systemic disorders

An insight on a-crystallin interactions with various proteins in systemic disorders

Chakraborty A., Nandy S., Saha S., De P.

Статья обзорная

ΑA- and αB- crystallins are the two principal components of the α-crystallin family of heat shock proteins which exhibit chaperone activity as well as cyto-protective function. It is well known that α-crystallin binds to misfolded or unfolded proteins and prevents their aggregation. The interactions of various proteins, such as methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), galectin-related interfiber protein (GRIFIN), histones and creatine kinase enzymes with α- crystallin may be deduced from their changes in abundance in the cell. The alterations in the abundance of histone proteins with a loss of normal chaperone function of α-crystallin suggest their importance in the biochemical mechanisms of hereditary cataract formation. Various proteomic and mass spectrometric methods have been utilised to elucidate the relationships between ɑ-crystallin chaperone function, substrate binding and retinal disorders such as hereditary cataract, retinal neurodegenerative diseases and other systemic disorders and inflammation. A special emphasis on such interactions and in vivo protective roles of α-crystallin, under normal and pathological conditions, may highlight the potential of crystallins as therapeutic agents.

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An investigation into photosynthesis related parameters of chili varieties for agronomic traits

An investigation into photosynthesis related parameters of chili varieties for agronomic traits

Kumari Bantu Naga Nirmala, Mallikarjuna Kokkanti, Babu Kakumanu, Rosaiah Gorrepati

Статья научная

A critical investigation into the performance of all known chili varieties in the same agro-climatic conditions in imminent to identify the elite varieties for beneficial agronomic traits. In this perspective, 20 varieties of chilies were collected and planted in A.N.U botanical garden to know about photosynthetic performance measured in terms of photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll and carotenoid content and chlorophyll stability index in a comparative study. The highest stomatal conductance in LCA-305 (0.166 mmol cm-2) and high transpiration rate in LCA-235 (4.46 mol m-2s-1) and G-3 (4.43 mol m-2s-1) was observed. Whereas the cultivars, LCA-305 (31.2 µmol CO2 cm-2s-1) and Rabbi (31.20 µmol CO2 cm-2s-1) displayed high photosynthetic rates. The genotypes like G-4 (32°C), G-3 (31.3°C) and G-5 (31.2°C) have recorded high canopy temperature. The highest water use efficiency was noted in Aparna (59.93), LCA-334 (16.68), and G-3 (6.40)...

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Anaerobic germination potential in rice (Oryza sativa L.): role of amylases, alcohol deydrogenase and ethylene

Anaerobic germination potential in rice (Oryza sativa L.): role of amylases, alcohol deydrogenase and ethylene

Senapati Swetaleena, Kuanar Sandhya Rani, Sarkar Ramani Kumar

Статья научная

Rice is cultivated either through wet and dry direct seeding or transplanting. Under direct seeding seeds are sown in the field whereas under transplanting seedlings are planted. Though direct seeding is economical and environment friendly, it is riskier than transplanting due to soil flooding and other menaces. Anaerobic germination (AG) potential or tolerance to germination stage oxygen deficiency (GSOD) is a feature that enables rice to grow under soil flooding. In the present investigation, twenty-two rice genotypes were characterized for their AG potential / GSOD tolerance regarding different growth parameters as well as amylolytic and fermentative activities under different days of soil flooding. Significant genotypic variations were noticed for these parameters at different days of soil flooding. Differences between control and treatment were highly significant. The activities of these enzymes also varied significantly under different days of soil flooding. A-amylase and total-amylase activities showed significant positive association with seedling establishment under flooding...

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Analysis of hydrophilic antioxidant enzymes in invasive alien species Parthenium hysterophrus under high temperature abiotic stress like conditions

Analysis of hydrophilic antioxidant enzymes in invasive alien species Parthenium hysterophrus under high temperature abiotic stress like conditions

Sharma Arun Dev, Bhullar Amrit, Rakhra Gurmeen, Mamik Shubneet

Статья научная

In order to gain insight into the biochemical basis of invasiveness of invasive alien species, in the present study the expression of antioxidant boiling stable proteins (peroxidase, SOD and catalase) was studied in Parthenium hysterophorus. Parthenium an annual invasive weed of family Asteraceae, is native to tropical America while wide spread in north America, many parts of Africa, Australia and India. It tolerates a wide variety of abiotic conditions in the natural habitat. The analysis of boiling stable proteins was outlined by Native-PAGE analysis. Some barely detectable boiling stable proteins were detected. The Zymogram analysis revealed a substantial expression of BsPeroxi 60 and BsSOD 35/20 in the leaves and mature flowers of Parthenium. However, no substantial catalase activity was detected in the boiled protein samples of all the tissues examined. Based upon these results, a possible physiological role of BsPeroxi 60 and BsSOD 35/20 in parthenium tissues was discussed.

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Analysis of stress level through EEG and its management with special reference to unani principles

Analysis of stress level through EEG and its management with special reference to unani principles

Hasan Khan Mudassir, Iqtidar Ahmad Hafiz, Ahmer S. M., Ilahi Ahsan

Статья обзорная

The physical and mental health of the members of society is an important measure of development. With every aspect of life, Stress is a major problem now-a-days which is associated with a large number of mental and physical disorders. It is the need of the hour that the proper stress analysis should be done and the treatment of stress is incorporated. The Mizaj is also an important measure of a healthy living which is also related to psychological conditions like stress relaxation. With emerging technology of Biomedical Engineering, it is now easily possible to regularly analyze, monitor and take care of treatment of stress in a more organized way than earlier. The stress level may be measured with tests such as EEG and the treatment to improve stress levels is adopted with regular monitoring of the stress level by measuring the brain signals. Improvement in stress levels will indicate the correct direction of treatment and no improvement will indicate that the mode of treatment has to be changed.

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