Статьи журнала - Журнал стресс-физиологии и биохимии
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Bio-accumulation and release of mercury in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper seedlings
Статья научная
Effect of mercury on the seedling of Vigna mungo seedlings was studied by culturing the seedlings in Hoagland medium artificially contaminated with 5 and 10mM Mercuric Chloride. Histochemical localization of the mercury in shoot and root tissues was done by staining with dithizone and quantitative analyses of mercury content accumulated in root, stem and leaf tissues were done using mercury analyser. Localization of mercury was observed as coloured masses in the cells of root and stem. Stem tissues of seedlings showed anatomical modification in the epidermal cells as trichomes. Patterns of bioaccumulation of mercury was root> stem> leaves revealing feeble translocation to the shoot system. A comparison of residual mercury content retained in the growth medium after sample harvesting and quantity accumulated in the plant body reveals that some quantity of mercury is lost presumably through the trichomes developed on the stem and/ or through stomata of the leaves.
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Bioaccumulation pattern of mercury in Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell
Статья научная
Bioaccumulation pattern of mercury was studied in Bacopa monnieri plants cultivated in Hoagland nutrient medium artificially contaminated with 5 and 10µM HgCl2. Mercury content of roots, stem and leaves were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). During a period 12 days of growth, more accumulation was noticed in roots followed by stem and leaves. Repeated addition of HgCl2 and enhanced growth period up to 50 days showed only negligible increase in accumulation maintaining a threshold level of mercury in the root. When a comparison was done between the quantities of HgCl2 added to the growth medium and the sum of total accumulation of the plant and content present in the residual medium, a significant quantity of mercury is found to be lost presumably through the process of phytovolatilization from the plant. Studies on the effect of pH on bioaccumulation of mercury showed that acidic pH enhanced accumulation rate and hence for phytoremediation technology 'chlorination' is recommended whereas for medicinal purpose, Bacopa monnieri plants can be harvested after 'liming' to increase the pH and thereby reducing accumulation rate of mercury.
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Bioactive Components and Chemical Constituents of Some Important Legumes in Traditional Medicine
Статья научная
Legumes in traditional medicine play a key role in the world. In majority of countries, especially in Iran and China, western and traditional medicine has been practiced side by side of each other. The aim of this study is to review bioactive components and chemical constituents of some important legumes in East of Asia. All relevant papers in English language of researchers and scholars from various countries gathered. The soybean itself is composed of approximately 40% protein, 20% oil, 35% carbohydrates, and 5% trace minerals and other compounds. The most important functional components of soy are α-Linolenic acid, isoflavones, lecithins, lectins, linoleic acid, peptides, phytosterols, protein and saponin. Peanuts are considered an important source of oil, folate, antioxidants, protein, and essential fatty acids (linoleic), and it ranked fourth in oilseed crops in the world after soybeans, rapeseed, and cotton. Peanuts are considered an important source of oil, folate, antioxidants, protein, and essential fatty acids (linoleic), and it ranked fourth in oilseed crops in the world after soybeans, rapeseed, and cotton. It has been revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, alkaloids by positive reaction with the respective test reagent. Cow peas are valuable source of protein, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamins, and it also contain biologically active components including phenols, phytic acid, saponin, oligosaccharides, fiber and etc. Nutrition therapy according to traditional Asian medicine by considering tremendous benefits of legumes is quite effective at not only treating common diseases, but also its prevention.
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Bioactive Flavonids of Spinifex littoreus (Burm. f.) Merr - Investigation By Elisa Method
Статья научная
Spinifex littoreus Burm.f.Merr. Coastal shrubs used for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases such as galactogenic, blistering agent, antihelmenthic, antipyretic, antidiruetic, anti – haemorrhages, antileukaemias and anti-inflammatory. It is rich in flavonoids and known to possess various biological activities. Fresh leaves of Spinifex littoreus have been examined for their bioactive flavonoids. The flavonol Kaempferol, flavonol glycoside astragalin have been identified. The structure of isolated polyphenolic compounds were characterised with the help of physical methods like UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Chemical reactions, Chromatographic techniques and hydrolytic studies The in-vitro studies showed that the isolated flavonol glycosides have been found to contain ample anti-oxidant property with the help of ELISA method.
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Статья научная
Background: Covid-19 has emerged as a public health crisis. Biochemical and laboratory parameters play a role in understanding the disease process. Aims and objectives: 1. Understanding the demographic pattern of Covid-19 disease in the study population. 2. To analyze biochemical and inflammatory markers in Covid-19 patients. Study includes the data collected from Covid -19 Hospital laboratory of a tertiary care hospital at KIMS (Karnataka Institute of medical sciences, Hubballi, Karnataka, India). Data was collected from March to October 2020 (Total 7800 patients had Covid-19 during this period). The present study includes the data from the 4478 Covid-19 patients of age group ranging from 1year to 99 years. Newborn to Covid-19 positive mothers and patients whose complete data was not available were excluded from the study. The parameters included in the study are CRP(c reactive protein), Ferritin, LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase), Troponin-I, and D-dimer. Results: The levels of CRP, LDH, Ferritin were significantly increased in males compared to females. There was a significant difference in the levels of CRP, LDH, Ferritin, and D-dimer among different age groups, but no such statistical difference was found for Troponin-I. Conclusion: This study suggests the possibility of increase in severity of the disease with increasing age. This possibility of association between age and severity of disease was earlier studied only on small sample size. This study also suggests that disease severity is more common in males than in females.
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Biochemical changes of Rosmarinus officinalis under salt stress
Статья научная
The effects of salinity on some growth and physiological parameters in rosemary were investigated. 2 month-old plants were subjected to three salt treatments (50, 100, and 150 mM) by adding NaCl to the pots. Plant growth parameters not affected by low concentrations of NaCl, but it decreased with higher concentrations. The content of photosynthetic pigments decreased at all salinity levels. The Na+ content of leaves increased, whereas the K+ content decreased with the progressive increase in NaCl concentration. Salinity increased proline and malondealdehyde contents. Stress induced by NaCl caused an accumulation of proline, total phenolic and antioxidant in rosemary plant.
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Biochemical response of Glycine max (L.) Merr. to cobalt and lead stress
Статья научная
Background: Heavy metal pollution of soil has become a global concern, largely due to the fact that the heavy metals accumulated in plants may either directly or indirectly find their way into animals and human beings. Present study was carried out on the phytotoxicity of cobalt (Co) and lead (Pb) on biochemical constituents viz. chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, proline, protein and carbohydrate content of three different varieties of Glycine max viz. SL-688, PS-1347, DS-9712 treated with 50, 100 and 150 µM concentrations. Results: The exposure of soybean varieties to Pb and Co resulted in the reduction of chlorophyll, carotenoids, carbohydrate and protein content and addition in proline content. Test plants were more sensitive to lead in comparison to cobalt. PS-1347 variety was found to be more susceptible to both the heavy metals. Maximum deleterious effect was observed at higher concentrations (100 & 150µM). However, an additional supply of nitrogen not only minimized the inhibitory effect of these two heavy metals but also decreased the proline content of plants. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that effect of heavy metals with different treatments on biochemical content was significantly different at 0.05 level of probability. Soils contaminated by heavy metals probably lead to substantial losses in seed yield of soybean plant.
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Статья обзорная
Coastal ecosystems located near cities, industrial and agricultural facilities are under significant anthropogenic influence. The complexity of modern anthropogenic impact on coastal ecosystems does not always make it possible to determine the quantitative content of all pollutants. The traditional methods used make it possible to assess physical and chemical indicators, but they do not provide a comprehensive assessment of the impact on the biological system. The use of bioindication methods that reflect the response of aquatic organisms to the complex influence of the environment is extremely relevant. Fish are a large group of vertebrates and inhabit a wide range of ecosystems where they are exposed to many different aquatic pollutants. In bioindication studies, both morphophysiological and biochemical indicators of fish are widely used. The use of morphophysiological indicators makes it possible to assess the impact of environmental factors on the organism, as well as the specifics of its adaptation to environmental changes. Due to the development of biochemistry and molecular biology, such new techniques appear that make it possible to determine the impact of an environmental factor at those stages when changes occur at the cellular, membrane and molecular levels, and do it before this impact leads to irreversible pathological processes. The use of bioindication methods, that reflect the reaction of biota to the entire complex of negative environmental influences, is a relevant and promising method. The review examines in detail modern bioindication methods based on determining the morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of fish, and also assesses the role of the bioindicator approach in a comprehensive assessment of the state of the environment.
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Bioremediation of copper stressed Trigonella foenum graecum
Статья научная
Copper is one of the heavy metals, although it is an essential microelement through interference with numerous physiological processes, when it absorbed in excess amounts, it can be toxic and induce a number of deleterious effects. A pot experiment was conducted in order to assess the possible effects of Nostoc muscorum (2 g/ kg soil fresh pellets) on the growth and some metabolic activities of Trigonella foenum gracum at 30 and 60 days of growth growing under copper stress. This experimental plant was grown in clay-sandy soil (2:1 W/W) amended either with different concentrations of CuSO 4 (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 g/kg soil) or Nostoc mixed with Cu (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 g/kg soil). Application of Nostoc in a mixture with Cu significantly increased fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, photosynthetic pigments and activity at 30 and 60 days of growth when compared with their counterparts of Cu treatment. In addition, the content of K +, Ca 2+, P 3+ and iron were increased with the exception of a decrease in Cu level at 60 days of growth. On the other hand, the content of starch was significantly decreased at 30 and 60 days of growth. Moreover, the activity of both peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were reduced by applying Nostoc to the soil having different concentrations of Cu.
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Body mass, thermogenesis and energy metabolism in Tupaia belangeri during cold acclimation
Статья научная
In order to study the relationship between energy strategies and environmental temperature, basal metabolic rate (BMR), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), the total protein contents, mitochondrial protein contents, state Ⅲ and state Ⅳ respiratory ability, cytochrome C oxidase activity of liver, heart, diaphragm, gastrocnemius and brown adipose tissue (BAT), serum leptin level and serum thyroid hormone levels were measured in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) during cold exposure (5±1oC) for 1 day, 7 days,14days,21 days. The results showed that body mass increased, BMR and NST increased, the change of liver mitochondrial protein content was more acutely than total protein. The mitochondrial protein content of heart and BAT were significantly increased during cold-exposed, however the skeletal muscle more moderate reaction. The state Ⅲ and state Ⅳ mitochondrial respiration of these tissues were enhanced significantly than the control. The cytochrome C oxidase activity with cold acclimation also significantly increased except the gastrocnemius. Liver, muscle, BAT, heart and other organs were concerned with thermoregulation during the thermal regulation process above cold-exposed. There is a negative correlation between leptin level and body mass. These results suggested that T. belangeri enhanced thermogenic capacity during cold acclimation, and leptin participated in the regulation of energy balance and body weight in T. belangeri.
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Статья научная
The present work has been undertaken to study the effect of exogenously application of 24-epiBL and 28-homoBL on soluble protein, proline contents and antioxidant defense system of Brassica juncea L. RLM 619 under the influence of seasonal stress. It was observed that 24-epiBL and 28-homoBL treatment enhance the soluble protein, dry weight and shoot length of B. juncea seedlings under seasonal stress. If seeds treated with the different concentrations (10 -6, 10 -8 and 10 -10 M) of 24-epiBL and 28-homoBL revealed batter growth, protein and proline contents as compare to untreated seedlings. Similarly the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, APOX, DHAR, PPO and Auxinases were enhanced by the application of different concentration of both brassinosteroids, whereas MDA content was decrease with both brassinosteroids treatments. Then we have concluded that both brassinolides have the seasonal stress ameliorative properties in B. juncea seedlings grown under the influence of seasonal stress. This study culminates to the role of brassinolides as an anti-stress property for protection of plant from various types of stresses.
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Ca2 + -зависимая аденилатциклаза растительных клеток в бактериальном патогенезе
Статья научная
Это первое исследование, в котором обнаружено влияние ионов кальция на активность трансмембранной аденилатциклазы (tmAC), ключевого фермента сигнальной системы аденилатциклазы, в нормальных условиях и после кратковременного воздействия экзополисахаридов (EPS) бактериальный кольцевой гниль, возбудитель Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. сепедоник (см). После обработки корней растений ЭПС Cms реакция на Ca2 + изменилась: активность tmAC растений устойчивого сорта значительно увеличилась, тогда как в клетках восприимчивого сорта она осталась неизменной.
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Статья научная
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis has been employed to identify various functional groups involved in cadmium biosorption into Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) and Padina pavonica (Phaeophyta) seaweeds exposed to different cadmium (Cd) (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L) concentrations for 4 days. Data revealed that Cd stress induced chemical structure alteration into studied seaweeds. Overall, for U. lactuca, carboxylic acids (C-O) & amides (C-N stretch) groups and aromatics groups (C-C stretch) showed a shift in wavelength with Cd stress referring that they may be play an important role in Cd biosorption process. Whereas, for P. pavonica, amides groups (C=O stretch), alcohols (O-H stretch) and phenols (H-bonded) groups showed a slight shift in wavelength indicating that these peaks could involve in Cd biosorption process. Thereby, FTIR analysis seems to be a potent tool for screening chemical structure alteration induced by Cd stress in marine ecosystems.
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Centella asiatica: a concise drug review with probable clinical uses
Статья обзорная
Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) is an imperative herb in Ayurvedic medicine, often mentioned in combination with the related European marsh pennywort (Hydrocotyle vulgaris). About 20 species recounted to Gotu kola cultivate in most parts of the tropic or wet pantropical areas such as rice paddies and also in rocky and higher elevations. Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) is known as longevity herb and used widely in India and Nepal as part of the traditional Ayurvedic medicine. In Samskrita, it is called 'Mandūkaparnī' as its leaf appears as a standing frog from its backside. It is also called 'Brahmi the goddess of supreme wisdom and 'Saraswati the goddess knowledge & wisdom. Its roots and leaves are used for medicinal purposes and provide important health benefits related to healthy veins and blood vessels, to treat skin disorders, help with better memory and improve brain function.
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Cerebral Microcirculation during Respiratory Arrest in Deep Experimental Rat Hypothermia
Статья научная
We investigated the effect of breath stimulation on cerebral microcirculation at deep hypothermic condition of Wistar rats using the method for measuring microcirculation in real time and optical system of LUMAM-1 microscope. After a hypothermic respiratory arrest in the group without the usage of mechanical ventilation, the blood flow velocity decreases sharply and completely stops after 10 minutes. In the group with the usage of mechanical ventilation, the blood flow velocity is increased compared to the rate when breathing stops and for a long time stays at an elevated level. We have found that mechanical lung ventilation significantly improved cerebral blood flow and prolonged heart function.
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Статья научная
In nature, plants are always subjected to various abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, high temperatures and so on. Among these drought is a worldwide problem, responsible for limiting the growth, physiology and productivity of plants, thus has become a challenge for global food security towards growing population. Proso millet ( Panicum miliaceum L.) belonging to family Poaceae grows under wide environmental conditions and different soil profile. In this view, an experiment was conducted to investigate the range of tolerance and change of metabolic activities of Proso millet under drought stress. The control plants were irrigated regularly and treated plants were irrigated at 3, 5, 7, day intervals up to 60day interval drought (DAS). The root and leaf samples were collected on 30 DAS, 45 DAS and 60 DAS respectively for morphological and biochemical analysis. It was found that with increasing duration of water deficit, tremendous increases of antioxidants activities were recorded at all growth stages compared to control on 7DID at 60DAS. Furthermore, a decreased rate of growth, biomass and chlorophyll content was recorded in treated plants than control. Therefore, it can be concluded that proso millet has affinity to survive under prolonged drought stress and can help to understand the mechanism of photosynthetic efficacy for improving crop productivity.
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Статья научная
In order to study the influence of expression of heterologous genes of different origin ( cyp 11A1 and des C) on canola thermotolerance improvement on leaf membrane level the fatty acid composition was analyzed under short-time heat test. C yp 11A1 gene encodes cytochrome P450 SCC from bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria and was shown to affect the biosynthesis of steroid compounds. DesC gene encodes ∆9-acyl-lipid desaturase of cyanobacterium Synechococcus vulcanus. Decrease in palmitlinolenic acid content and index unsaturation as well as increase in total fatty acid and palmitic acid content were identified in cyp 11A1 canola in comparison with wild-type plants in stressfull conditions. But control and des C plants demonstrated similar changes in saturated (16:0), trienoic (16:3 and 18:3) fatty acid quantity, total fatty acid content and index unsaturation. Heterologous des C gene expression did not influence fatty acid composition and did not give advantages for plant under heat. Integration of cyp 11A1 gene in canola led to thermotolerance improvement on membrane level.
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Changes in jasmonic and salicylic acids levels in barley challenged with cochliobolus sativus
Статья научная
Spot blotch (SB), caused by Cochliobolus sativus is a common foliar disease of barley worldwide. The phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) play important functions in plant defense systems. However, the changes in JA and SA pathways in response to SB disease have been poorly documented. In the current work and to better understand the mechanisms of barley resistance to this disease, JA and SA pathways were evaluated in resistant ‘Banteng’ and susceptible ‘WI2291’ cultivars across four time points post pathogen challenge. The data showed that JA and SA contents were elevated in fungus-inoculated and non-inoculated leaves in both resistant and susceptible interactions 24h post inoculation. However, although JA signaling was activated in parallel with SA signaling up to 72h in both cultivars, JA had no significant differences across four time points as compared with non-inoculated controls. Furthermore, the resistant cultivar ‘Banteng’ constitutively contained higher levels of SA (956.2 ng/g) comparing with the susceptible one ‘WI2291’ (192.5 ng/g) 96h post inoculation, whereas, JA pathway was weakly activated over time. We thus hypothesized that SA signaling has an important function in resistance mechanisms against SB disease, whereas JA signaling has a contrasting role in this defense system, which might prove crucial information concerning barley signaling events induced by C. sativus invasion.
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Статья научная
Potassium, the most abundant cation in plant cells, is responsible for numerous physiological functions. In saline environment, similarity of Na+ and K+ causes an unbalance in K+ uptake and disorder in the its functions. In the present research, changes of four biochemical parameters (proline, glycinebetaine, photosynthetic pigments and malondialdehyde) have been investigated in Aeluropus lagopoides seedling under salinity and potassium deficiency. Sterile seeds had been cultured on modified Murashige-Skoog containing 0, 1.75 or 100 mM potassium, with or without 600 mM NaCl for 30 days. The results showed that maximum proline content was observed in root and shoot by 600 mM NaCl + 1.75 mM K+ treatment. Also in this treatment, amount of carotenoids and chlorophyll a was more decreased. Potassium deficiency caused to reduced MDA and chlorophyll b content. The highest amount of glycinebetaine was measured in the presence of 600 mM NaCl in the company of 100 mM K+. It can conclude that chlorophyll oxidation was occurred in K+ deficiency because of increasing lipid peroxidation and disruption of protein-pigment complexes. The accumulation rates of two osmolite in different organ was shown that in A. lagopoides proline and glycinebetaine play more important role in osmotic adjustment of the shoot and root, respectively.
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