Статьи журнала - Журнал стресс-физиологии и биохимии
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Assessment of stress due to hot ambience in donkeys from arid tracts in India
Статья научная
To assess the stress due to hot ambience in donkeys from arid tracts in Rajasthan state, India, serum prolactin and cortisol levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. The blood samples to harvest the serum were collected from the same animals during moderate (maximum temperature of 280C - 290C) and hot (maximum temperature of 450C- 460C) ambiences. During hot ambience the animals showed significantly (p T0.05) higher levels of serum prolactin and cortisol when compared to the moderate ambience. The mean rise in prolactin was 4.42 times whereas cortisol levels were 4.22 times higher. Further a multiple fold rise in serum prolactin clearly suggested that it can also be used as an indicator of stress in donkeys along with the cortisol.
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Attenuation of chromium toxicity in mine waste water using water hyacinth
Статья научная
The mine waste water at South Kaliapani chromite mining area of Orissa (India) showed high levels of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr+6). Cr+6contaminated mine waste water poses potential threats for biotic community in the vicinity. The current field based phytoremediation study is an in situapproach for attenuation of Cr+6 mine waste water using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) weeds by rhizofiltration method. The weeds significantly reduced (up to 54%) toxicof Cr+6 contaminated mine waste water when passed through succeeding water hyacinth ponds. The reduction of toxic chromium level varied with the plant age and passage distance of waste water. Chromium phytoaccumulation and Bio-Concentration Factor (BCF) was maximum at growing stage of plant i.e. 75 days old plant. High BCF (10,924) and Transportation Index (32.09) for water hyacinth indicated that the weeds can be used as a tool of phytoremediation to combat the problem of in situ contamination in mining areas.
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Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell -a good biomarker of water pollution/contamination
Статья научная
Effect of water pollution on Bacopa monnieri was studied by culturing their rooted propagules in various polluted water samples and Hoagland nutrient medium artificially contaminated with different micro-level concentrations of HgCl2. Anatomical observations of those plants showed safranin-stained masses deposited in the xylem vessels of stem. The plants treated in chemical solutions which are free from metallic ions, under threshold level of HgCl2, and control plants were devoid of such deposits. Similar deposits were observed in plants cultured in various local water samples. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric analyses of these water samples and the bioaccumulation property of the plant detected the presence of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn at various levels. The occurrence of the localized stained deposits in the xylem vessels of the stem of the plants cultured in polluted/contaminated aqueous medium, eventhough the growth medium contamination is micro-levels, is indicative of high sensitivity of Bacopa monnieri plants towards water pollution irrespective of the chemical nature of the pollutants. Although these stained deposits are not specific to any individual element that causes pollution, detection of water contamination is possible by observing the safranin-stained masses in the xylem vessels of this medicinal plant.
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Статья научная
This study evaluates the anaesthetic properties of freeze-dried leaf extract of Tephrosia vogelii on the African catfish Heterobranchus longifilis juveniles. Experimental fish of Mean weight 115.00 were obtained from River Benue at Makurdi, Nigeria and acclimatized at the hatchery of University of Agriculture Makurdi for two weeks. Four H. longifilis were selected randomly for both control and treatment groups. Each treatment fish was weighed and injected intramuscularly 0.05ml of the extract at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06g/l using a 2ml heparinized syringe. The result showed that H. longifilis in treatment group passed sequentially through the first three stages of anaesthesia but could not attain total loss of equilibrium (stage 4 of anaesthesia). The result showed that treatment group of fishes passed sequentially through the first three stages of anaesthesia but could not attain total loss of equilibrium (stage 4 of anaesthsia). Behavioural responses included mucus secretion, slow and erratic swimming, excrement discharge, increase in opercular beat rate, strong retention of reflex action, partial loss of equilibrium and colour change. The induction time showed a declining pattern with increasing concentration of the extract in the treatment levels with significant differences (P0.05). The most effective concentration was 0.06g/l with an induction time of 32.00±1.76 seconds and a recovery time of 182.00±3.46 minutes. The result of this study revealed that the freeze-dried bark extract of T. vogelii can be used as a tranquilizer for transporting fish over average distances, biopsy and morphological evaluation.
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Bio-accumulation and release of mercury in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper seedlings
Статья научная
Effect of mercury on the seedling of Vigna mungo seedlings was studied by culturing the seedlings in Hoagland medium artificially contaminated with 5 and 10mM Mercuric Chloride. Histochemical localization of the mercury in shoot and root tissues was done by staining with dithizone and quantitative analyses of mercury content accumulated in root, stem and leaf tissues were done using mercury analyser. Localization of mercury was observed as coloured masses in the cells of root and stem. Stem tissues of seedlings showed anatomical modification in the epidermal cells as trichomes. Patterns of bioaccumulation of mercury was root> stem> leaves revealing feeble translocation to the shoot system. A comparison of residual mercury content retained in the growth medium after sample harvesting and quantity accumulated in the plant body reveals that some quantity of mercury is lost presumably through the trichomes developed on the stem and/ or through stomata of the leaves.
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Bioaccumulation pattern of mercury in Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell
Статья научная
Bioaccumulation pattern of mercury was studied in Bacopa monnieri plants cultivated in Hoagland nutrient medium artificially contaminated with 5 and 10µM HgCl2. Mercury content of roots, stem and leaves were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). During a period 12 days of growth, more accumulation was noticed in roots followed by stem and leaves. Repeated addition of HgCl2 and enhanced growth period up to 50 days showed only negligible increase in accumulation maintaining a threshold level of mercury in the root. When a comparison was done between the quantities of HgCl2 added to the growth medium and the sum of total accumulation of the plant and content present in the residual medium, a significant quantity of mercury is found to be lost presumably through the process of phytovolatilization from the plant. Studies on the effect of pH on bioaccumulation of mercury showed that acidic pH enhanced accumulation rate and hence for phytoremediation technology 'chlorination' is recommended whereas for medicinal purpose, Bacopa monnieri plants can be harvested after 'liming' to increase the pH and thereby reducing accumulation rate of mercury.
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Bioactive Components and Chemical Constituents of Some Important Legumes in Traditional Medicine
Статья научная
Legumes in traditional medicine play a key role in the world. In majority of countries, especially in Iran and China, western and traditional medicine has been practiced side by side of each other. The aim of this study is to review bioactive components and chemical constituents of some important legumes in East of Asia. All relevant papers in English language of researchers and scholars from various countries gathered. The soybean itself is composed of approximately 40% protein, 20% oil, 35% carbohydrates, and 5% trace minerals and other compounds. The most important functional components of soy are α-Linolenic acid, isoflavones, lecithins, lectins, linoleic acid, peptides, phytosterols, protein and saponin. Peanuts are considered an important source of oil, folate, antioxidants, protein, and essential fatty acids (linoleic), and it ranked fourth in oilseed crops in the world after soybeans, rapeseed, and cotton. Peanuts are considered an important source of oil, folate, antioxidants, protein, and essential fatty acids (linoleic), and it ranked fourth in oilseed crops in the world after soybeans, rapeseed, and cotton. It has been revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, alkaloids by positive reaction with the respective test reagent. Cow peas are valuable source of protein, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamins, and it also contain biologically active components including phenols, phytic acid, saponin, oligosaccharides, fiber and etc. Nutrition therapy according to traditional Asian medicine by considering tremendous benefits of legumes is quite effective at not only treating common diseases, but also its prevention.
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Bioactive Flavonids of Spinifex littoreus (Burm. f.) Merr - Investigation By Elisa Method
Статья научная
Spinifex littoreus Burm.f.Merr. Coastal shrubs used for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases such as galactogenic, blistering agent, antihelmenthic, antipyretic, antidiruetic, anti – haemorrhages, antileukaemias and anti-inflammatory. It is rich in flavonoids and known to possess various biological activities. Fresh leaves of Spinifex littoreus have been examined for their bioactive flavonoids. The flavonol Kaempferol, flavonol glycoside astragalin have been identified. The structure of isolated polyphenolic compounds were characterised with the help of physical methods like UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Chemical reactions, Chromatographic techniques and hydrolytic studies The in-vitro studies showed that the isolated flavonol glycosides have been found to contain ample anti-oxidant property with the help of ELISA method.
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Статья научная
Background: Covid-19 has emerged as a public health crisis. Biochemical and laboratory parameters play a role in understanding the disease process. Aims and objectives: 1. Understanding the demographic pattern of Covid-19 disease in the study population. 2. To analyze biochemical and inflammatory markers in Covid-19 patients. Study includes the data collected from Covid -19 Hospital laboratory of a tertiary care hospital at KIMS (Karnataka Institute of medical sciences, Hubballi, Karnataka, India). Data was collected from March to October 2020 (Total 7800 patients had Covid-19 during this period). The present study includes the data from the 4478 Covid-19 patients of age group ranging from 1year to 99 years. Newborn to Covid-19 positive mothers and patients whose complete data was not available were excluded from the study. The parameters included in the study are CRP(c reactive protein), Ferritin, LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase), Troponin-I, and D-dimer. Results: The levels of CRP, LDH, Ferritin were significantly increased in males compared to females. There was a significant difference in the levels of CRP, LDH, Ferritin, and D-dimer among different age groups, but no such statistical difference was found for Troponin-I. Conclusion: This study suggests the possibility of increase in severity of the disease with increasing age. This possibility of association between age and severity of disease was earlier studied only on small sample size. This study also suggests that disease severity is more common in males than in females.
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Biochemical changes of Rosmarinus officinalis under salt stress
Статья научная
The effects of salinity on some growth and physiological parameters in rosemary were investigated. 2 month-old plants were subjected to three salt treatments (50, 100, and 150 mM) by adding NaCl to the pots. Plant growth parameters not affected by low concentrations of NaCl, but it decreased with higher concentrations. The content of photosynthetic pigments decreased at all salinity levels. The Na+ content of leaves increased, whereas the K+ content decreased with the progressive increase in NaCl concentration. Salinity increased proline and malondealdehyde contents. Stress induced by NaCl caused an accumulation of proline, total phenolic and antioxidant in rosemary plant.
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Biochemical response of Glycine max (L.) Merr. to cobalt and lead stress
Статья научная
Background: Heavy metal pollution of soil has become a global concern, largely due to the fact that the heavy metals accumulated in plants may either directly or indirectly find their way into animals and human beings. Present study was carried out on the phytotoxicity of cobalt (Co) and lead (Pb) on biochemical constituents viz. chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, proline, protein and carbohydrate content of three different varieties of Glycine max viz. SL-688, PS-1347, DS-9712 treated with 50, 100 and 150 µM concentrations. Results: The exposure of soybean varieties to Pb and Co resulted in the reduction of chlorophyll, carotenoids, carbohydrate and protein content and addition in proline content. Test plants were more sensitive to lead in comparison to cobalt. PS-1347 variety was found to be more susceptible to both the heavy metals. Maximum deleterious effect was observed at higher concentrations (100 & 150µM). However, an additional supply of nitrogen not only minimized the inhibitory effect of these two heavy metals but also decreased the proline content of plants. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that effect of heavy metals with different treatments on biochemical content was significantly different at 0.05 level of probability. Soils contaminated by heavy metals probably lead to substantial losses in seed yield of soybean plant.
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Статья обзорная
Coastal ecosystems located near cities, industrial and agricultural facilities are under significant anthropogenic influence. The complexity of modern anthropogenic impact on coastal ecosystems does not always make it possible to determine the quantitative content of all pollutants. The traditional methods used make it possible to assess physical and chemical indicators, but they do not provide a comprehensive assessment of the impact on the biological system. The use of bioindication methods that reflect the response of aquatic organisms to the complex influence of the environment is extremely relevant. Fish are a large group of vertebrates and inhabit a wide range of ecosystems where they are exposed to many different aquatic pollutants. In bioindication studies, both morphophysiological and biochemical indicators of fish are widely used. The use of morphophysiological indicators makes it possible to assess the impact of environmental factors on the organism, as well as the specifics of its adaptation to environmental changes. Due to the development of biochemistry and molecular biology, such new techniques appear that make it possible to determine the impact of an environmental factor at those stages when changes occur at the cellular, membrane and molecular levels, and do it before this impact leads to irreversible pathological processes. The use of bioindication methods, that reflect the reaction of biota to the entire complex of negative environmental influences, is a relevant and promising method. The review examines in detail modern bioindication methods based on determining the morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of fish, and also assesses the role of the bioindicator approach in a comprehensive assessment of the state of the environment.
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Bioremediation of copper stressed Trigonella foenum graecum
Статья научная
Copper is one of the heavy metals, although it is an essential microelement through interference with numerous physiological processes, when it absorbed in excess amounts, it can be toxic and induce a number of deleterious effects. A pot experiment was conducted in order to assess the possible effects of Nostoc muscorum (2 g/ kg soil fresh pellets) on the growth and some metabolic activities of Trigonella foenum gracum at 30 and 60 days of growth growing under copper stress. This experimental plant was grown in clay-sandy soil (2:1 W/W) amended either with different concentrations of CuSO 4 (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 g/kg soil) or Nostoc mixed with Cu (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 g/kg soil). Application of Nostoc in a mixture with Cu significantly increased fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, photosynthetic pigments and activity at 30 and 60 days of growth when compared with their counterparts of Cu treatment. In addition, the content of K +, Ca 2+, P 3+ and iron were increased with the exception of a decrease in Cu level at 60 days of growth. On the other hand, the content of starch was significantly decreased at 30 and 60 days of growth. Moreover, the activity of both peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were reduced by applying Nostoc to the soil having different concentrations of Cu.
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Body mass, thermogenesis and energy metabolism in Tupaia belangeri during cold acclimation
Статья научная
In order to study the relationship between energy strategies and environmental temperature, basal metabolic rate (BMR), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), the total protein contents, mitochondrial protein contents, state Ⅲ and state Ⅳ respiratory ability, cytochrome C oxidase activity of liver, heart, diaphragm, gastrocnemius and brown adipose tissue (BAT), serum leptin level and serum thyroid hormone levels were measured in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) during cold exposure (5±1oC) for 1 day, 7 days,14days,21 days. The results showed that body mass increased, BMR and NST increased, the change of liver mitochondrial protein content was more acutely than total protein. The mitochondrial protein content of heart and BAT were significantly increased during cold-exposed, however the skeletal muscle more moderate reaction. The state Ⅲ and state Ⅳ mitochondrial respiration of these tissues were enhanced significantly than the control. The cytochrome C oxidase activity with cold acclimation also significantly increased except the gastrocnemius. Liver, muscle, BAT, heart and other organs were concerned with thermoregulation during the thermal regulation process above cold-exposed. There is a negative correlation between leptin level and body mass. These results suggested that T. belangeri enhanced thermogenic capacity during cold acclimation, and leptin participated in the regulation of energy balance and body weight in T. belangeri.
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Статья научная
The present work has been undertaken to study the effect of exogenously application of 24-epiBL and 28-homoBL on soluble protein, proline contents and antioxidant defense system of Brassica juncea L. RLM 619 under the influence of seasonal stress. It was observed that 24-epiBL and 28-homoBL treatment enhance the soluble protein, dry weight and shoot length of B. juncea seedlings under seasonal stress. If seeds treated with the different concentrations (10 -6, 10 -8 and 10 -10 M) of 24-epiBL and 28-homoBL revealed batter growth, protein and proline contents as compare to untreated seedlings. Similarly the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, APOX, DHAR, PPO and Auxinases were enhanced by the application of different concentration of both brassinosteroids, whereas MDA content was decrease with both brassinosteroids treatments. Then we have concluded that both brassinolides have the seasonal stress ameliorative properties in B. juncea seedlings grown under the influence of seasonal stress. This study culminates to the role of brassinolides as an anti-stress property for protection of plant from various types of stresses.
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Ca2 + -зависимая аденилатциклаза растительных клеток в бактериальном патогенезе
Статья научная
Это первое исследование, в котором обнаружено влияние ионов кальция на активность трансмембранной аденилатциклазы (tmAC), ключевого фермента сигнальной системы аденилатциклазы, в нормальных условиях и после кратковременного воздействия экзополисахаридов (EPS) бактериальный кольцевой гниль, возбудитель Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. сепедоник (см). После обработки корней растений ЭПС Cms реакция на Ca2 + изменилась: активность tmAC растений устойчивого сорта значительно увеличилась, тогда как в клетках восприимчивого сорта она осталась неизменной.
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Статья научная
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis has been employed to identify various functional groups involved in cadmium biosorption into Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) and Padina pavonica (Phaeophyta) seaweeds exposed to different cadmium (Cd) (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L) concentrations for 4 days. Data revealed that Cd stress induced chemical structure alteration into studied seaweeds. Overall, for U. lactuca, carboxylic acids (C-O) & amides (C-N stretch) groups and aromatics groups (C-C stretch) showed a shift in wavelength with Cd stress referring that they may be play an important role in Cd biosorption process. Whereas, for P. pavonica, amides groups (C=O stretch), alcohols (O-H stretch) and phenols (H-bonded) groups showed a slight shift in wavelength indicating that these peaks could involve in Cd biosorption process. Thereby, FTIR analysis seems to be a potent tool for screening chemical structure alteration induced by Cd stress in marine ecosystems.
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Centella asiatica: a concise drug review with probable clinical uses
Статья обзорная
Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) is an imperative herb in Ayurvedic medicine, often mentioned in combination with the related European marsh pennywort (Hydrocotyle vulgaris). About 20 species recounted to Gotu kola cultivate in most parts of the tropic or wet pantropical areas such as rice paddies and also in rocky and higher elevations. Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) is known as longevity herb and used widely in India and Nepal as part of the traditional Ayurvedic medicine. In Samskrita, it is called 'Mandūkaparnī' as its leaf appears as a standing frog from its backside. It is also called 'Brahmi the goddess of supreme wisdom and 'Saraswati the goddess knowledge & wisdom. Its roots and leaves are used for medicinal purposes and provide important health benefits related to healthy veins and blood vessels, to treat skin disorders, help with better memory and improve brain function.
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