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Статья научная
Diabetes is expanding quickly around the world, which produces unsettling influences in the digestion of sugar, protein, and lipid. Proof suggested that the normal drugs beginning from plant source may speak to a socially applicable correlative treatment for diabetes. This examination planned to assess the cell reinforcement and antidiabetic exercises of the methanolic leaves extracts of transformed and non-transformed soybean in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The enlistment of diabetes with a single dose of streptozotocin and afterward the rats are treated with single dose of methanolic leaves extracts of transformed and non-transformed soybean (50 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days. Glibenclamide is utilized as a standard medication (0.5 mg/kg b.w.). The degree of glucose, lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, decreased glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase were resolved in diabetic rats after the treatment. The administration of methanolic leaves extracts of transformed soybean saw a critical reduction in levels of glucose and lipid peroxidation. The significant increased was found in glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels in the liver when contrasted and diabetic control rats after medicines. The examination demonstrated that the methanolic leaves concentrates of transformed soybean rewarded rats successfully manage the cell reinforcement exercises in STZ induced diabetic rewarded rats. This examination presumed that the transformed (PPARγ gamma) crude methanolic leaves extracts have huge hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and cell antioxidant potential.
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Antigen specific immune responses in mice subjected to infrared heat stress
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Short exposures to infrared heat are generally used to facilitate tail-vein bleeding of experimental mice as an alternative to retro-orbital bleeding for the purpose of obtaining serum samples. Altered temperatures have been shown to influence immune responses in a variable manner. This study evaluates the effects of infrared heat on the immune response. After confirming the efficacy of heat exposure as measured by alterations in body temperatures, the exposed mice were evaluated for antigen-specific antibody responses and allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytic (CTL) responses as readouts for humoral and cellular immune responses respectively. Antigen-specific serum antibody titers to lysozyme, bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, diphtheria toxin and rabbit IgG antigens were analyzed in infrared heat exposed and unexposed control C57BL/6 mice that were immunized with the corresponding antigen. Significant decreases in antigen-specific antibody titers were observed only when heat exposed C57BL/6 mice were immunized with lysozyme or BSA but not with other antigens tested. These alterations were not seen in heat exposed BALB/c mice. Dialyzed serum prepared from such heat exposed C57BL/6 was also found to inhibit CTL generation in vitro and inhibited IL-2 stimulated proliferation of CTLL-2 cells. These studies suggest that the procedure of infrared heat exposure prior to tail vein bleeding may influence some immune parameters although this may not be true for all strains of mice and all antigens.
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Physiological and biochemical changes as well as the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes under lead (Pb 2+) phytotoxicity were investigated in 20 days old soybean ( Glycine max L.) seedlings grown hydroponically in the laboratory under different pH conditions. The rapid uptake of Pb 2+ was observed immediately after the start of treatment. The quantity of accumulation of Pb 2+ was much higher in roots than in shoots, its level rising with increasing pH from 3.0 to 8.0. Not only that, an oxidative stress conditions were observed due to increased level of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide in shoots and root cells of 20 days old seedlings when treated with Pb(NO 3) 2 at a concentration of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 μM. Spectrometric assays of seedlings showed increased level of activities of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase. The presence of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) indicates the enhanced lipid peroxidation compared to controls. The alteration in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and the induction of lipid peroxidation reflects the presence of Pb 2+, which may cause oxidative stress.
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Antioxidative response of various cultivars of sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) to drought stress
Статья научная
The present study was conducted with the aim to identify the response of antioxidant enzyme activities in seedlings of different sorghum cultivars under mannitol stress. Seven-day old seedlings were subjected to 100-500 mM mannitol stress which resulted in the decreases in shoot/root length and relative water content thus indicating the primary response to these tissues at phenotypic level. The level of lipid peroxidation as well as the specific activity of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase increased at higher conc. except at 200 mM conditions. The level of catalase and peroxidase decreased at 500 mM conc. In the two different cultivars whereas the activity of superoxide dismutase consistently increased in response to the mannitol stress. Our data demonstrate that drought responsiveness tolerance in sorghum cultivars during germination is associated with enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes.
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Antioxidative responses and expression of insecticidal proteins in Bt cotton under high irradiance
Статья научная
Effect of high irradiance (HI) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, rate of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide accumulation were investigated in non Bt and Bt cotton. The accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 was higher in Bt cotton. Sustained cultivation of Bt cotton requires stable transgene expression under HI stress. In the present study, Bt toxin proteins (Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab), which are essential for the control of lepidopteron pests, were found to be reduced in Bt cotton under HI stress.
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Статья научная
Objective: The frequent neurological condition epilepsy disrupts the brain's regular electrochemical processes. Similar to a seizure, epilepsy is a sign of aberrant brain activity. The developed world has an epilepsy prevalence of 0.5-1%, whereas the underdeveloped world has a larger prevalence due to more risk factors. There are several antiepileptic medications on the market, but their therapeutic efficacy is severely limited by their adverse effects and drug interactions. Owing to their widespread acceptance and beneficial efficiency with few side effects, herbal medicines are used extensively throughout the world. The current study's purpose is to ascertain whether different fruit components, such as fruit juice, residue, and pericarp of Citrus maxima Linn, have anti-seizure properties when used to treat rats with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. Methods: To test the antiepileptic potential in pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptic rats, the aqueous extract of fruit pericarp, an aqueous solution of lyophilized powdered fruit juice, and residues of Citrus maxima L were each administered at varying doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. The experimental animals' physical actions, such as immobility, swimming, and motor activity, were evaluated. By measuring and analysing Neurotransmitter levels, including those of GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine, as well as the effects of PTZ on the animal's brain, were examined. Result: The results of the phytochemical screening showed that tannin, coumarin, quinine, glycosides, sugar, and phenols were present. On the thirty-day mark, acute PTZ injection at a dose of 75 mg/kg body weight resulted in seizures that lengthened immobility and reduced swimming time. The PTZ enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and degeneration of neural and non-neural cells (glial cells), while the aqueous extract of various portions of the fruit of Citrus maxima Linn restored levels of glutamate, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and GABA. Conclusion: According to the findings, convulsions can be treated with Citrus maxima Linn, a traditional source.
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Antistress property of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Athimadhura) on stress induced Drosophila melanogaster
Статья научная
Stress is defined as a condition that disturbs the normal function of the biological system or a condition that decreases fitness. The present study was to evaluate the antistress property of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Athimadura). Here the Antistress property was experimented on Drosophila melanogaster. Stress was induced by adding methotrixate (MTX) to the media. The 4 groups of Drosophila melanogaster were cultured in the laboratory. In the first group only control flies. In the second group MTX induced flies, in the third group MTX along with plant powder induced flies. In the fourth group only plant powder induced flies were cultured. Stress related enzymes like Catalase (CAT) and Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) are most widely used paradigm for the evaluation of enzyme activity. SOD and CAT Activity in Stress induced flies was increased compared to that of normal flies. After incorporation of the plant powder to the media fed for Drosophila melanogaster, both SOD and CAT Activity was decreased indicating the reduction in Stress by the plant powder. Thus Glycyrrhiza glabra may have Antistress property, as it has reduced stress in Drosophila melanogaster induced by MTX at different concentration.
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Статья научная
Background In recent years, several plant species have been used as bioindicators to evaluate the toxicity of environmental contaminants on vegetal organisms. In this study, Egyptian clover and Sudan grass seedlings were grown in four cadmium (Cd) concentration levels (0.0, 25, 50 and 100 µM) in MS media to analyze growth responses, Cd accumulation in the shoots and roots of plantlets, proline contents, chlorophylls content and MDA levels of both plantlets. As well as RAPD analysis and leaves ultrastructure were detected. Results The results showed that there was a significant decrease in root and shoot lengths, Chl a, Chl b, total Chl and carotenoids contents for both Egyptian clover and Sudan grass. However, there was a significant increase in Cd accumulation, proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The genetic variation between Egyptian clover and Sudan grass were evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) markers to establish specific DNA markers associated with Cd stress. The results of transimssion electron microscopy (TEM) showed a clear disorder in the Cd treated Egyptian clover and Sudan grass seedlings. Conclusion In conclusion, biochemical, molecular and ultrastructure changes in Egyptian clover and Sudan grass could be used as a useful biomarker assay for the detection of genotoxic effects of Cd stress on plants. However, it is necessary to be further confirmed and optimized in the future research.
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Статья научная
A pot experiment was conducted under polyhouse conditions, to evaluate the effect of two different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( G. mosseae and A. laevis ) in combination with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on growth and nutrition of mungbean plant grown under different salt stress levels (4 dS m −1, 8dS m −1 and 12 dS m −1). It was found that under saline conditions, mycorrhizal fungi protect the host plant against the detrimental effect of salinity. The AM inoculated plants showed positive effects on plant growth, dry biomass production, chlorophyll content, mineral uptake, electrolyte leakage, proline, protein content and yield of mungbean plants in comparison to non-mycorrhizal ones but the extent of response varied with the increasing level of salinity. In general, the reduction in Na uptake along with associated increase in P, N, K, electrolyte leakage and high proline content were also found to be better in inoculated ones. The overall results demonstrate that the co-inoculation of microbes with AM fungi promotes salinity tolerance by enhancing nutrient acquisition especially phosphorus (P), producing plant growth hormones, improving rhizospheric and condition of soil by altering the physiological and biochemical properties of the mungbean plant.
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Статья научная
Arsenic pollution is a growing menace in major parts of West Bengal, India and Bangladesh. Arsenic phytoremediation abilities of two common plants Pteris vittata and Eichhornia crassipes growing abundantly under natural tropical conditions of India were biochemically analyzed. Reactive oxygen species, taking total peroxide and malondialdehyde contents as the parameters, indicate the extent of arsenic induced oxidative stress, while the activities of the scavenging enzymes catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase indicate the comparative effectiveness of the two plants in arsenic detoxification. Total peroxide and MDA contents were significantly higher in all samples of Eichhornia as compared to Pteris throughout the experimental period while the three scavenging enzymes viz. catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase exhibited higher activities in Pteris with increasing arsenic concentration while Eichhornia showed a reverse trend. The comparative study reveals that Pteris vittata is the more efficient plant in combating and tolerating arsenic stress, as revealed by the results obtained of biochemical constituents and enzymatic profile. Of the two selected plant species, Pteris is found to be more effective in arsenic removal can serve as a cheap and easily available green source for arsenic detoxification.
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Ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol minimize salt-induced wheat leaf senescence
Статья научная
Background Leaf senescence is an oxidative process, and most of the catabolic events involved in senescence are propagated irreversibly once initiated. Results Salinity hastened the senescence of wheat flag leaves, decreased the concentrations of chlorophyll, total carotenoids, ascorbic acid, total phenol, calcium, potassium, magnesium, K+/Na+ ratio and soluble proteins, as well as the activities of catalase and peroxidase. Conversely, salinity increased sodium, chloride, and the chlorophylla:b ratio, as well as membrane permeability, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde synthesis. Both antioxidants application reduced the hydrogen peroxide accumulation, lipid peroxidation, membrane permeability, sodium and chloride content over control plants. The antioxidants enzyme activities were significantly increased by antioxidant spray. Enhanced accumulation of ascorbate, phenol, carotenoids, calcium, potassium and magnesium was seen in antioxidants-sprayed plants compared with control plants at 65 days after sowing. Under moderate and sever salinity levels application of both antioxidants alleviated the harmful effects of salinity on leaf senescence related parameter. The higher levels of antioxidants and low level of H2O2 in flag leaf may be the prerequisite for delayed leaf senescence in antioxidants-sprayed plants. Conclusions It can be concluded that ascorbic acid-sprayed plants can postpone the leaf senescence by peroxide/phenolic/ascorbate system which is involved in scavenging the ROS produced during leaf senescence.
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Assessment of HRBC membrane stabilizing activity from flavonoids of asystasia gangetica
Статья научная
Flavonoids from the largest single-family of naturally occurring oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds. Benzo pyrone of various levels of saturation, oxidation, and substitution constitutes the basic skeleton for these polyphenolics. Asystasia gangetica belongs to the family Acanthaceae and has been investigated for flavonoids The white flowers of Asystasia gangetica on suitable extraction and fractionation have afforded a rare flavone glycoside viz. luteolin 7 - O - rutinoside and a flavonol glycoside viz. patuletin 3 - O- glucuronide the structure of which has been established by methods like 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV, PC, chemical reactions, and hydrolytic studies. A biphasic activity has been observed in the HRBC membrane stabilization, an in vitro investigation against hypotonicity induced haemolysis of the isolated flavonoids.
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Статья научная
There has been an expanding interest for eco friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles that don't have so much toxic impacts on crops. Silver nanoparticles have a wide scope of utilizations, for example, catalysis, hardware, photonics, optoelectronics, detecting, agriculture and drugs. In this study, the biologically synthesized and characterization of silver nanoparticles have become the prime areas. Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts is being explored globally owing to the absence of disadvantages associated with conventional methods. This study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of Bambusa vulgaris (Bamboo), Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaves, characterization of the synthesized by using techniques such as Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of nanoparticles, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and EDX studies revealed the characteristics of the nanoparticles synthesized. Also under this, we examined the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on pea plants in the terms of silver accumulation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Quantification of Cell Death under ex situ conditions.
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Статья научная
The city bus drivers are more prone to various physical and mental stress due to the heavy traffic in the city. They are also on shift work causing decrease in the sleep quality which results in increase in stress level and negatively impacts on the health and quality of life. Objective: To assess the stress level among bus drivers in and around city of Chennai Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of 100 city bus drivers from January 2019 to March 2019. The "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)" questionnaire was used to measure stress level. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure of sleep quality. Results: The PSQI scores were poor in 89% of the studied population. The mean PSQI scores were 10.05 and standard deviation of 3.016. Scores of the Perceived Stress Scale shows that 23 % had low stress, 28 % had moderate stress and 49 % had high stress levels. The study shows significant association between stress levels and poor sleep quality. Conclusion: The result of the study show that the bus drivers in the city are stressed and the stress is high during middle age.
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Статья научная
Sowing of radiated Germplasam of two-selected virus free wheat cultivars namely Pirsabak-98 and Fisalabad-2000, were conducted in the department of Botany, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal during crop season November 2016 to study the impact of different doses of gamma radiation. Both cultivars were purchased from Tarnab Farm Peshawar and later on irradiated to 5, 10, 20 Krad at NIFA. (Nuclear institute for food and agriculture Peshawar). It was observed that inverse relationship was created in doses of 5, 10, 15 Krad against number of parameters like number spikelet per plant, number of spike per plant, spike length per plant, grain number per plant, 1000 seeds fresh weight, 1000 grain dry weight. Similarly the stated parameter means values gradually and continuously decreases with increasing of gamma irradiation concentration in both the hybrids pirsabak-98 and Fisalabas-2000 of wheat. It was also evaluated that high concentration of doses cause restrictive in the mean figure of all parameters which reflect that both cultivars pirsabak-98 and Fisalabad-2000 were sensitive high intensity of gamma radiation...
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Статья научная
Rare earth elements (REEs) can harmfully affect the growth and development of several plant species. However, there is a lack of studies providing the effect of REEs on Limbarda crithmoides seedlings. In the present study, the growth parameters, chlorophyll content, macroelement uptake, phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents of the halophyte L. crithmoides were analysed, after 14 days of exposure to increasing concentrations (up to 10 µM) of two light REEs; lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce), to assess the phytotoxicity level of these REEs in the chosen species. La and Ce contents in the plant tissues were determined as well. Results revealed an inhibitory effect of La and Ce on plant growth; the length and the dry biomass production of the shoots and roots significantly decreased in all REEs concentrations, when compared to the control. Similar trend was recorded in chlorophyll a and b contents in plant leaves. Moreover, La and Ce treatments significantly decreased the uptake of potassium, calcium and magnesium in the shoots and roots of L. crithmoides while the amounts of both La and Ce were found elevated in the same organs. All La and Ce treatments promoted the stimulation of phenolic compound biosynthesis in shoots and roots. According to our experiments, the halophyte L. crithmoides was very sensitive to both La and Ce toxicity.
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Assessment of platelet in case of stress-induced apnea
Статья научная
Sleep apnea is a independent pathology and a powerful stress for the organism. Apnea is a cause of stress and strengthens the body under stress. We studied 30 men aged 34 to 57 years: 22 patients with obstructive sleep apnea and 8 patients with central sleep apnea. We explored a drop of blood in HUMACOUNT, mod. HUMACOUNT (Firm Human GmbH, Germany), bought of grant budget RF/420/7-270/12. We investigated parameters of platelet: PLT, MPV, PDWс and PCT. The analysis of the data was performed using statistical programs “Origin 4.1’’ (Microsoft. Software, Inc) and Microsoft Excel, evaluated Student and criteria Pearson. Protocol of research was adequate Helsinki Declaration. Our results in patients with obstructive apnea: PLT=109x10 9±40x10 9l; MPV =7,7±3,0fl; PCT=0,08x10 -2±0,02x10 -2%; PDWС =33,4±3,6%; in patients with central apnea - PLT=142x10 9±50x10 9l; MPV=6,4±2,0fl; PCT=0,09x10 -2±0,03x10 -2%; PDWС=32,7±3,0; in control - PLT=250x10 9±40x10 9l; MPV=11,0±4,0fl; PCT=0,25x10 -2±0,05x10 -2%; PDWС=36,2±4,0%. Interrupted we analyzed the number of platelets and platelet indices for determining homeostasis in stress disease. Stress body reduces the number of platelets. But if apnea is a disease of the fourth rank stress, platelet factors fluctuate within normal limits. Our data have practical significance for biomedicine. We propose a new marker for apnea: platelet composes.
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Статья научная
The present study was planned with a view to assess the efficacy of Punarnava Mandura in Pandu roga on the basis of hematological parameters. Hematological parameters are one of the best tools to accessed anemia in individuals. Mandura Bhasma which is one of the good Haemetinic proved by various research works (experimental and clinical) is main ingredient of this formulation. Punarnava Mandura is a very well known drug by its “Raktajanya” property mentioned by Acharya Charaka.. On the basis of this, the reference regarding this in “Bhaishajya Ratnavali” was assessed for the preparation of this formulation used for management of Pandu clinically. Pandu roga is a disease characterized by pallor of body which strikingly resembles with ‘Anaemia’ of Modern science, disease referring to reduction in number of RBCs per cumm of blood and quantity of Hb resulting in pallor like other symptoms. Pandu Roga can be effectively compared with Anemia on the grounds of its similar signs and symptoms in the modern medicine, there is good treatment for Anemia with considerable result but that is only for acute deficiency Anemias, no significant therapy is there for chronic Anemia which occurs due to metabolic defects. So Ayurveda can provide better management. The world’s population is increasing at a rapid rate, with the result most of the people are living in un-hygienic, under-nourishing conditions and facing various effects of stress and strain factor. Illiteracy is also a problem in developing countries like India due to which great majority of people are living under poverty line, who cannot get quantitatively sufficient diet. Even pregnant ladies do not get proper nourishment due to which mother and infant mortality is at higher level.
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Assessment of salinity-induced antioxidative defense system in Colubrina asiatica Brongn
Статья научная
The present study examined the salinity-induced oxidative damage and differential response of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants of Colubrina asiatica. Acceleration of catalase and peroxide production in leaves and roots suggested the onset of oxidative damage. The activities of these enzymatic antioxidants were significantly increased by salt stress, with maximum induction occurring with higher regimes of salinity (200 mM and 300 mM NaCl treatment). Interestingly, under severe stress condition (300 mM NaCl), peroxidase seemed to be more crucial than catalase for peroxide scavenging. Among the studied nonenzymatic antioxidants, ascorbic acid was induced maximally at lower dose of salinity; however, polyphenols, flavonoids and DPPH activity glutathione were increased with increasing NaCl treatment as compared with control plants. Therefore, salinity was found to induce the antioxidative defense system of C. asiatica.
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