Статьи журнала - Cardiometry
Все статьи: 527
Статья научная
It is known that is an ambiguous phenomenon in medicine. There is no generally accepted definition of the concept, and approaches to the interpretation of the essence of the category in question are also different, since polypragmasia, being vital for certain diseases, can become extremely dangerous in certain conditions of the human body, as well as negatively affect the health of patients of certain age groups. In particular, elderly and senile patients, often in a state of comorbidity or polymorbidity and taking a significant amount of medications (both prescribed by a doctor and without one), are at risk of a possible deterioration in their health. Accordingly, the identification of problematic aspects of polypragmasia in the development of comorbidity in elderly and senile patients, as well as the identification of ways to reduce the negative impact on the state of health of extended drug therapy is quite relevant in modern conditions.
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Problematic aspects of the use of artificial intelligence capabilities in modern medical diagnostics
Статья научная
Modern medical diagnostics makes it possible to establish the presence of signs of a particular disease and enable specialists to prescribe a complex of therapeutic and medicinal measures to patients in a timely manner in accordance with the established diagnosis. However, in some cases, it is not always possible to diagnose a particular disease at an early stage due to the imperfection of diagnostic tools. In the recent period, the possibilities of artificial intelligence have been used in medical diagnostics, which significantly expands the capabilities of specialists in the field of establishing early key symptoms of the disease. However, the use of artificial intelligence capabilities in medical diagnostics is associated with a number of problems, the presence of which does not allow to realize the possibilities of digital technologies in full. The solution of these problems, according to the authors of the article, is highly relevant, since it can give a significant impetus to the development of diagnostic medical technologies, which will allow timely provision of high-quality medical care to patients.
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Отчет
The paper describes some concepts on processes occurring in the neuroendocrine and immune systems during development of general unspecific adaptational reactions. The concepts are based on the known evidence on the changes in the regulatory systems and the previously identified peculiarities in correlations between the levels of biogenic amines in blood and the organs, respectively, under various adaptational reactions, as well as the known effects of biogenic amines. A number of practical consequences significant for the correct evaluation of the functional state in humans and animals are also considered herein.
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Статья
Natural killer cells (NK) are part of the innate immune system of the body and play an important role in the immune surveillance of foreign cells and the body’s own altered cells, including the transformed ones. The NK cells, without prior stimulation, can eliminate target cells which do not express their own MHC class I molecules or express stress-induced molecules. These basic, natural functions of the NK cells as a tool in the fight against malignant tumors have attracted particular attention. For this purpose, various approaches are used to increase the number and/or enhance the functional activity of the NK cells. One approach uses cytokines to selectively increase both the number and effectiveness of the NK cell antitumor function. Another approach focuses on checkpoint inhibitors targeting the NK cell receptor. Bispecific and trispecific activators have been developed to enhance the specific immune response by cross-linking specific tumor antigens with effector cells. In addition, methods of adoptive transfer of the NK cells have shown promising results, however, a fairly large volume of cell mass is required there.
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Properties of melanoma mitochondria to form tumor nodules in the body of experimental animals
Отчет
The aim hereof is to develop a method for revealing the properties of mitochondria isolated from melanoma of the skin to form melanoma tumor nodules in the body of mice in parenteral transplantation of melanoma mitochondria. Materials and methods. We used experimental animals according to the following design: intraperitoneal transplantation with B16/F10 melanoma mitochondria in the Balb/c Nude male mice, n = 8. All animals underwent a one-time transplantation of B16/F10 melanoma mitochondria based on 5.2 mg of protein per 1 animal in 0.4 ml of saline solution. The Balb/c Nude male mice were used as the references, which were transplanted with 0.4 ml of saline solution once into the muscle and intraperitoneally. Morphological examination of sections of the internal organs and the B16/F10 melanoma foci was carried out after specimen paraffin embedding and hematoxylin- eosin staining with microscopy of specimens with Axiovert (Carl 44 Zeiss, Germany) and Axiovision 4 image visualization software (Carl Zeiss, Germany). Results. Upon intraperitoneal transplantation of mitochondria isolated from melanoma to the Balb/c Nude mice, in the autopsies in 100% of the animals after 2 weeks of the experiment the total damage to the internal organs by the tumor nodules was revealed. The morphological examination of the internal organs of the Nude mice 2 weeks after the intraperitoneal transplantation of B16 melanoma mitochondria demonstrated a tumor lesion of the visceral tissue and the abdominal organs. Conclusion. Thus, the use of parenteral transplantation of mitochondria isolated from B16/F10 melanoma in the C57BL/6 and Balb/c Nude male mice caused the growth and development of melanoma foci in the body. Our study revealed previously unknown properties of mitochondria isolated from B16/F10 skin melanoma, consisting in their ability to induce the development of melanoma tumor nodules in the body of animals upon the tumor cell parenteral transplantation.
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Статья научная
The paper presents an analysis of some promising lines of developing off-office telemonitoring. Some applications of expert systems designed on the basis of algorithms used for medical decision making are discussed herein. The whys and wherefores of the design of automated hardware & software systems in CVD therapy, which can be used for prevention and off-office follow-up telemonitoring in elderly individuals, are given herein. Methods We evaluated a total of 1078 consecutive anterior STEMI patients who underwent PPCI with deployment of new generations DES. The patients were divided according to the number of implanted stents into 2 groups; multiple-stents group having ≥2 overlapping stents (n =388) and single-stent group (n =690). We compared the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs; composite of cardiac death, reinfarction, ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization (TVR), definite stent thrombosis (ST), and stroke) between the 2 study groups. Results There was a non-significant trend toward increased in-hospital mortality in the multiple-stents group [3.4% vs 1.7%; P=0.096] related to a significant higher rate of cardiogenic shock [9.5% vs 6.1%; P=0.037] and post-procedural suboptimal TIMI flow [26.3% vs 19.4%; P=0.009] as compared to the single-stent group. Yet, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the incidence of 6-month MACEs: [9% vs 7.1%;The paper presents an analysis of some promising lines of developing off-office telemonitoring. Some applications of expert systems designed on the basis of algorithms used for medical decision making are discussed herein. The whys and wherefores of the design of automated hardware & software systems in CVD therapy, which can be used for prevention and off-office follow-up telemonitoring in elderly individuals, are given herein. Methods We evaluated a total of 1078 consecutive anterior STEMI patients who underwent PPCI with deployment of new generations DES. The patients were divided according to the number of implanted stents into 2 groups; multiple-stents group having ≥2 overlapping stents (n =388) and single-stent group (n =690). We compared the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs; composite of cardiac death, reinfarction, ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization (TVR), definite stent thrombosis (ST), and stroke) between the 2 study groups. Results There was a non-significant trend toward increased in-hospital mortality in the multiple-stents group [3.4% vs 1.7%; P=0.096] related to a significant higher rate of cardiogenic shock [9.5% vs 6.1%; P=0.037] and post-procedural suboptimal TIMI flow [26.3% vs 19.4%; P=0.009] as compared to the single-stent group. Yet, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the incidence of 6-month MACEs: [9% vs 7.1%;
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Prospects for the application of mathematical modeling in clinical medicine
Статья научная
Aims The aims of the study are to follow the correlation of СAD development with various clinical and laboratory parameters and risk factors in a cohort of patients with multiple medical conditions and evaluate the effect of various parameters in the development of the disease using a new mathematical model approach. Materials and methods This study covers a limited patient cohort (n = 12) formed according to the rules of a local register. We have applied the methods of probabilistic mathematical modeling of cardiovascular disease with the formation of an aggregated matrix. Matrix fields were presented the instrumental methods of diagnosis and clinical and biochemical blood tests of patients. Results When using various methods of mathematical and statistical analysis (including cluster and factor analysis), created has been a graphic model of interaction of clinical, biochemical and instrumental parameters with the development of CAD. The mathematical and statistical completeness of the description of the patient’s condition by the parameters of pathology on the basis of the measure of reliability of the completeness of the description was R=0,98-1,0, the coefficient of determination was equal to R2=92,0-98,0%...
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Статья
Skin melanoma is a highly aggressive malignant neoplasm, the treatment of disseminated forms of which remains a serious problem, despite recent advances in the development of medical drugs based on the inhibition of the BRAF oncogene as well as on the basis of immune response regulators [1]. In addition, the question of identifying prognostic markers of metastasis and diagnostic markers of skin melanoma remains relevant. Despite advances in understanding the pathogenesis of melanoma and the development of various therapies aimed at immune checkpoints, the patient survival remains low in the progressing metastatic disease [2]. Targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are used in the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
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Prospects for the use of neural networks in cardiometry
Статья обзорная
This paper provides an overview of the use of neural network technology in cardiology, primarily in diagnostics using ECG. The aim of this work is to substantiate the use of artificial neural network technology in cardiometry, as a field of science that is closely related to cardiology, but differs from it in the wider use of natural science approaches. The definition of machine learning is given, and the concept of artificial neural networks as one of the methods of machine learning is defined. The mechanism of electrocardiogram recording is described and methods of its analysis are considered. The types of neural networks used for electrocardiograms processing are revealed. The prospects of using the neural network method for processing the data obtained during cardiometric studies are determined.
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Protein system of bacillus anthracis antigens
Статья научная
In our research work, we have considered the structures of some anthrax antigens, their design and functions, as well as the genetic apparatus encoding them. The study is of interest to those practicing microbiologists and researchers whose area of interest includes knowledge of the regulation of infection processes and subsequent transformations of Bacillus anthracis spores in the host organism. Pathways for the expression of B. anthracis pathogenic genes, the factors influencing them, as well as ways to use patterns in gene expression to increase the immunization in experimental animals by combining various experimental vaccines, which are currently used in preventive practice in different countries of the world and in particular in the Russian Federation, are considered in detail herein. In addition, the article may be of interest to scientists and researchers conducting research in the field of creating new immunizing agents based either on the anthrax genome or some parts thereof.
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Quality control of NK cells produced ex vivo for malignant neoplasm therapy
Статья
The process of transferring the technology for obtaining a drug from the laboratory to production and, then, to the clinical practice is always a very complicated and time-consuming way, requiring many adaptation solutions. Regarding biomedical cell products (BMCP), this is even a more complex process, requiring large-scale expansion of procedures to obtain clinically significant numbers of cells, adaptation to reagents and equipment, and establishment of safety parameters for reagents, equipment and the final product. Nevertheless
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Тезисы
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Radiodynamic and contact radiation therapy of inoculated tumor in an in vivo experiment
Статья
Introduction. In recent years, interest in the use of such physical factors as magnetic fields, ultrasound, and hyperthermia to activate Photosensibilizers (PS) has increased in experimental oncology. One of the promising scientific areas is radiodynamic therapy (RDT), a new method of therapy based on the combined use of PS and ionizing radiation [1]. The first PS with the radiosensitizing properties proven in the in vitro/in vivo experiments were 5-aminolevulinic acid, Hematoporphyrin, and Photofrin II [2, 3]. The main mechanisms of the implementation of the antitumor response of RDT remain poorly studied. According to Shaffer M. et al., on the one hand, PS (for example, "Photofrin II"), under the influence of ionizing radiation, can enhance the radiolytic effect due to reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion and singlet oxygen) formed in the tumor cell upon exposure to the proper radiation [2]. On the other hand, the exposure to ionizing radiation leads to sublethal and lethal damage to tumor cells. Further, sublethal changes are, as a rule, reversible, associated with the implementation of the mechanisms responsible for restoring the functions of the tumor cell. In case of activation of the PS "Photofrin II"
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Relation of antistress and geroprotective effects of deuterium depleted water in aging female rats
Статья научная
The use of deuterium depleted water (DDW) in a dosing regimen of 25-30 ml per day for five weeks in aging female rats (20-22 months) contributed to the overall correction of agerelated disorders of the adaptive status, estrous cycle regulation and nonspecific resistance, as well as the appearance of visually distinct signs of rejuvenation of the animals. The obtained results show the relation between the geroprotective effect of DDW and the development of the general nonspecific antistress adaptation reactions of calm and elevated activation that can serve as an experimental basis for the development of an effective method of geriatrics and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and degenerative processes in women in the peri and postmenopausal period.
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Статья научная
Topicality. An increase in the incidence of malignant tumors progressing against the background of various comorbid pathologies determines the need to study the mutual influence of pathological processes using experimental modeling. Such models, for example, can reproduce the tumor growth modified by the comorbid condition of diabetes mellitus, the incidence rate of which is now increasing exponentially. In this case, a clear demonstration of changes in the structure of organs outside the zone of the primary tumor node, using data on the direct growth of the tumor and the content of diabetes markers therein and in the perifocal zone, can serve as an evidence-based argument for the implementation of the mechanism of modified tumor progression. The aim of our research work is to assess the state of the histological structure of some internal organs (the kidneys, the ovaries, the peritoneum) when modeling the main pathological process in animals, the growth of Guerin's carcinoma, against the background of a comorbid state of experimental diabetes. Materials and methods. We used 32 outbred male and female rats weighing 180-220 g to reproduce the model of experimental diabetes by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at a dosage of 150 mg/kg of body weight. One week after the production of persistent hyperglycemia in the range of 25.4±1.2 mmol/l, the animals were transplanted with Guerin's carcinoma subcutaneously in the region of the right shoulder blade. Upon expiration of 2 weeks, the animals were decapitated, and the harvested organs were prepared according to the practice stages of morphological preparation for staining sections with hematoxylin-eosin, followed by morphological examination of the structure with the use of the Leica DM LS2 microscope with the Olympus optical. C-5050 Zoom video camera and the Morfotest software. Photographing was carried out with magnification x10, x40, x100. Results. Our study of the morphological portrayal of the ovary, the kidney, the visceral and parietal peritoneum bears witness to the identity of the changes, consisting in a total metastatic lesion and abnormal transformation of the normal structure of all the studied organs only in the female rats, when modeling the comorbid state of diabetes mellitus. At the same time, the aggressive nature of the tumor progression was manifested in the blood filling of the vessels and hemorrhage, followed by the release of tumor cells, their settlement, the enhanced proliferation, the formation of strands and compaction of cell aggregations throughout the volume of the organ. Some gender specific features of the tumor progression were noted, which were found in the female rats along the path of active metastasizing in case of small primary tumors, and in the male rats along the path of stimulating the growth of the primary focus without metastasizing. It was revealed that these differences are associated with different degrees of saturation of the tumor and perifocal zone with glucose, and they are determined by the state of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis. Conclusion. Morphological examination of the organs affected by metastatic Guerin's carcinoma in the female rats with diabetes mellitus makes it possible to detect not only the synergy of both pathological processes, but also a powerful pro-oncogenic effect of the comorbid state of diabetes in the implementation of the tumor growth program.
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Relationship between spiritual intelligence (SI) & job satisfaction (JS) in millennials
Статья научная
In this fast-paced lifestyle with escalating cases of anxiety and depression, millennial are trying to find meaning in life and at work. The presence of high-octane electronic media both in millennial' personal & professional life is making them more anxious about their career and personal beliefs. There is a belief that a person who exhibits spiritual intelligence is most likely to achieve a sense of job satisfaction in life. Various MNCs are organizing many programs to develop and enhance the employee's spiritual intelligence. This paper focuses on millennial working in the Defense and IT field with empirical study to analyze the influence of spiritual intelligence on their job satisfaction. Dhamodharan and Ravikumar mention that millennial, born in the period between 1981-1995, witnessed consumerism and technological advancement worldwide. People born in this era were less exposed to traditional religious teaching due to changing social-cultural values; hence they indulge in spirituality to balance their lifestyle to optimize the basic value of life. Emmons mentions that “SI is a blend of internal & external structure: spirituality being an internal structure and intelligence as an external structure to create a new structure which evolves the person with remarkable capacities to practically use their spirituality on their everyday basis.”
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Статья научная
COVID-19 has not just affected the health of citizens. However, the world’s economic wheel stopped. All the import-export activities were sieged, schools, colleges, malls, and any other similar place, where there is a chance of gathering, has been locked down. A major section of the global economy was closed down for a period of two to three months. Still, they are operating with minimum permitted capacity. The service sector is opening up stage-wise, and people have started to work in their respective offices. Before this, most people, right from teachers to CEOs of top companies, worked from home. 100% of IT and ITES based organizations were working from their homes in the recent past; rather, these people were working from home before the COVID-19 situation. This present study will evaluate the interest areas of people working from home and try to evaluate the scenario of working from home even after the pandemic of COVID-19 is over.
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Статья научная
The paper presents the results of our research study on the impact of different durations of a biphasic rectangular pulse on the efficiency of the defibrillating action based on modeling and simulation of a cardiomyocyte in the framework of Cell Electrophysiology Simulation Environment. We used Luo-Rudy Mammalian Ventricular Model II (dynamic) as the mathematical model of the biochemical processes, which occur both on the surface and inside a cardiomyocyte in a guinea pig. An analysis of the obtained results allowed us to determine the optimal time of the defibrillating pulse. It has been shown that a pulse of 4 ms duration has the highest efficiency. The research has been carried out directly based on the mathematical model and simulation of the cardiomyocyte that makes it possible to minimize errors which may occur in experiments on animals
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