Статьи журнала - Cardiometry
Все статьи: 580
Mitochondrial therapy: a vision of the outlooks for treatment of main twenty-first-century diseases
Статья научная
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles which constantly change their shape, size, and location within the cells. Mitochondrial dynamics is associated with mesenchymal metabolism or epithelial-mesenchymal transition to regulate the stem cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The transfer of mitochondria from one cell to another is necessary to improve and maintain homeostasis in an organism. Mitochondrial transplantation is a therapeutic approach that involves an introduction of healthy mitochondria into damaged organs. Recent evidence data have shown that the physiological properties of healthy mitochondria provide their ability to replace damaged mitochondria, with suggesting that replacing damaged mitochondria with healthy mitochondria may protect cells from further damage. Moreover, mitochondria can also be actively released into the extracellular space and potentially be transferred between the cells in the central nervous system. This increased interest in mitochondrial therapy calls for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms, which build the basis for mitochondrial transfer, uptake, and cellular defense. In this review, questions related to the involvement of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of cancer will be discussed. Particular attention will be paid to mitochondrial transplantation as a therapeutic approach to treat the mitochondrial dysfunction under some pathological conditions.
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Статья научная
On models of chronic neurogenic pain (CNP) and the growth of a malignant tumor (metastasizing B16 melanoma) in male mice, we studied an effect produced by mitochondrial therapy (MCT) on the state of the myocardium. Some structural correlates of the compensatory-restorative effect by mitochondria transplanted from healthy recipient rats were revealed. It has been identified that MCT contributes to the preservation of the structural integrity of the myocardial tissue, the inclusion of an auxiliary link in the cellular mechanisms of tissue restoration: fibroblasts, histiocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils and other connective tissue elements, which implement the intercellular mechanism of information transfer that provides the external regulatory function of MCT. The ability of mitochondria to prevent the DNA decay determines the possibility of initiation of the operation of the nuclear mechanisms of the cardiomyocyte division, which is characteristic of a population of young cells and which indicates the determining position of exogenous mitochondria.
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Modeling of threats in the sphere of medical data storage
Статья научная
In medical institutions of various levels, a large amount of data is stored in electronic form, to ensure the safety of which are presented with special requirements. Ensuring the safety of the storage of medical data should begin with an analysis of existing threats. This article provides a model of threats in the area of data storage, which includes the following components: comunicative, spatial and destructive threat. It is shown that, to date, communicative and spatial threats have minor rates, which can be neglected. The destructive threat is considered in more detail, its components are described. Recommendations for the development of medical data storage systems are given.
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Modern diagnostic methods in oncogastroenterology
Отчет
Diagnostic procedures occupy a special place in the activities of medical specialists, since the accuracy and timeliness of their implementation depends on the determination of the patient’s treatment package, as well as the prognosis of the course of the disease. In the modern period, innovative technologies come to the aid of doctors, one of which is artificial intelligence. Along with other areas of medicine, artificial intelligence (AI) technology is widely used in oncogastroenterology and is used in the process of diagnosis, prediction and image analysis. AI makes it possible to determine with high accuracy the features of the diagnosed pathology and, accordingly, to develop the most effective strategy for the treatment of the patient. The future of oncogastroenterology is based, without a doubt, precisely on the results of high-precision diagnostics, since advanced methods of treating cancer patients can give a significant effect precisely at the early stages of the development of this disease. For this reason, the appeal to AI as an indispensable assistant to diagnosticians in the future should be widely implemented at all levels of polyclinic and inpatient oncological care to the population.
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Modern features of diagnosis and treatment of thoraco-abdominal injuries
Статья научная
The improved algorithm of the diagnosing and treatment tactic of thoracoabdominal injuries can allows for timely diagnosis and the choice of adequate treatment tactics. The important role and opportunities of the endovideosurgical technologies are revealed in the diagnosis and surgical management of patients with thoracic and abdominal trauma. The results of diagnostics and treatment of patients with thoracoabdominal injuries using the diagnostic and treatment tactic algorithm improved by the authors were analyzed. The use of the offered diagnostic and treatment algorithm has improved the results of treatment of this severe category of patients. The clinical effectiveness of minimally invasive methods of the treatment and diagnosing of the thoracoabdominal injury is average 1.1 times higher than traditional surgical approaches
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Modern high-tech approaches to the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases
Статья научная
The article discusses modern high-tech approaches to the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases. Revealing the relevance of the problem and the importance of accurate and timely diagnosis for the successful treatment of patients, the authors draw attention to the latest methods and technologies used in this field of medicine. The article discusses various diagnostic methods, including endoscopy, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, molecular genetic analyses, as well as the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning to analyze medical data. The advantages and limitations of each method, their effectiveness and development prospects are discussed. The question is also raised about the need for an integrated approach to diagnosis, including a combination of various methods to improve the accuracy and reliability of the results. It is concluded that low-frequency imaging technologies provide a promising strategy for diagnosing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. These technologies provide more complete information about the disease by integrating multiple contrast agents for imaging.
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Modern methods of diagnosis of gynecological diseases
Статья научная
The article discusses modern methods of diagnosis of gynecological diseases. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, including gynecology. This paper presents an overview of modern methods of diagnosing gynecological diseases using AI. The authors consider various approaches, such as machine learning and deep learning, and describe their advantages in the context of improving diagnostic accuracy and speed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of large volumes of medical data, which allow us to create more effective diagnostic algorithms. Additionally, the potential of integrating AI into clinical practice and its impact on improving the quality of medical care for women is being considered, opening up new prospects in the field of gynecology.
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Статья научная
The article discusses modern strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis with an emphasis on the prospects of an interdisciplinary approach. Acute pancreatitis remains a serious disease with high mortality and a complex clinical course. In recent years, there has been a significant development of diagnostic and treatment methods, including the use of modern educational technologies, drug therapy, surgical techniques and interventional procedures. However, the problem of acute pancreatitis requires an integrated approach combining the efforts of various medical specialists - from therapists and gastroenterologists to surgeons and intensive care specialists. The authors discuss the latest diagnostic methods, such as computed tomography and endoscopic ultrasound diagnostics, as well as innovative treatment approaches, including minimally invasive surgical interventions, etc. Research based on interdisciplinary collaboration helps to reduce mortality from acute pancreatitis and improve the prognosis of patients. The development and implementation of integrated strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis using modern technologies are key areas in improving the effectiveness of medical care for patients with this disease.
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Modern therapeutic approaches to rehabilitation of patients after neurosurgical intervention
Статья научная
The article discusses modern therapeutic approaches to the rehabilitation of patients after neurosurgical intervention. The authors note that neurosurgery patients, even after successful operations, may have certain complications that significantly reduce the quality of life of patients. In addition, the specif-ics of rehabilitation of patients who have undergone various neurosurgical operations are of a special nature also for the reason that it is often called upon to restore the most important functions of the body - motor, speech, etc. Accordingly, special attention should be paid to therapeutic procedures aimed at restoring the health of patients who have undergone neuro-surgical surgery. In modern conditions, the most important trend in this direction has become the use of non-traditional methods of rehabilita-tion, as well as achievements in the field of information technol-ogy and artificial intelligence. Practice shows that the success of innovations is undeniable, since they not only allow achieving the necessary effect here and now, but also allow, if necessary, prolonged support for the patient at the end of the active reha-bilitation period, creating comfortable living conditions for him and allowing him to actively participate in society
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Статья научная
To study the effect of comorbid pathology: obesity of degree 2-3 on the level of sex steroid hormones and their receptors in the tumor and its surrounding tissue in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). Materials and methods. In 30 patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma T1-3N0-1M0 (the main group, 15 females with obesity grade 2-3 (BMI≥35); the reference group 15 females with normal BMI) in samples of the tumor and its perifocal zone taken after surgical treatment, the levels of estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), testosterone (T), progesterone (P4), androgen receptors (AR), progesterone receptors (RP4), estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) were determined by ELISA method. Statistical analysis was performed with STATISTICA 10.0. Results. Obese EC patients showed longer healing of postoperative wounds, slow recovery, and more frequent tumor metastasizing to regional lymph nodes. In the tumor samples in all patients, compared with the intact endometrium, the levels of estrogens, testosterone and their receptors were higher. Obesity accompanying the malignant process led to a local increase in the levels of estrogens, testosterone, progesterone and AR, ERα and ERβ in the tumor. In the tumor samples, there were no significant differences from the presence of obesity in the levels of RP4. In the perifocal zone of the tumor in patients with comorbid pathology, compared with the parameters in the reference group, the level of E2, P4 and T was also higher, but the content of all steroid receptors was lower. Conclusion. Obesity aggravates hyperestrogenism and progesterone deficiency in adenocarcinoma and increases its enrichment with the androgen and estrogen receptors with the prevalence of ERα over ERβ that may cause the autocrine-paracrine regulation of the growth and metastasizing of the malignant process in patients with endometrial cancer.
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Статья научная
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is rod-shaped with Gram-negative pathogens. It causes disease in humans and animals. P. aeruginosa interferes with the burn cure rates and can lead to increased death among the patients. The current study aims to detect pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates using the classical biochemical methods and polymerase chain reaction technique after isolating pseudomonas aeruginosa from burns cases in Baghdad-Iraq. A sterile swab takes Fifty samples randomly from Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and Kadhemia Hospital. All samples were inoculated on rich media and then submitted to staining by gram stain and the biochemical tests (lactose fermenter, oxidase, and catalase….). The positive samples for biochemical tests are submitted to the PCR test for confirmation diagnosis. All the data related to age and gender are recorded to determine the epidemiological aspects. The findings demonstrate that the percentage of p. aeruginosa in burn cases using biochemical testing was 17/50 (34%), and the percentage of p. aeruginosa isolates from burn samples using the PCR technique was 13/17 (76.4%). In addition, the percentage of P. aeruginosa isolates using PCR in the males was 8/13 (61.5%), while the percentage of p. aeruginosa isolates using PCR in the females was 5/13 (38.4%). The infection percentage in the age groups (1-10), (11-20), (21-30), (31-40), and (41-50) years were (7.6%), (7.6%), (7.6%), (30.7%), and (46.1%), respectively. The conclusion is that PCR is an accurate method for detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is occurring higher in burn males than in burn females. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection occurs more in the elderly than in young children.
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Molecular cellular effects by proton and у-irradiation in the B16 murine melanoma model in vivo
Статья
Proton and photon (γ-) radiation is widely used in modern clinical practice for the treatment of malignant tumors of various locations. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of accelerated protons is about 1.1, as follows from the results of experimental studies of clonogenic survival of tumor cells in vitro. But however, despite the low RBE of proton radiation, a number of clinical studies have shown a significant increase in relapse-free and overall survival of patients after proton therapy compared with that after standard radiotherapy using photon radiation.
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Molecular genetic characteristics of ovarian cancer in Crimean patients
Статья
The etiology of hereditary ovarian cancer is most often attributed to structural or functional inactivation of some tumor suppressors. An identification of the molecular genetic basis of the disease has prognostic significance, and it also influences the selection of the most effective therapeutic tactics. The rate of the occurrence of polymorphisms is variable and depends, among other things, on ethnicity and geography.
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Molecular profile of metastatic colon cancer
Статья
Aim. Our aim was to assess the molecular subtypes of the primary CC tumors and liver metastases based on the transcriptomic analysis.
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Monitoring of system hemodynamics in prevention of cardiovascular pathology
Статья
A comprehensive study of the system hemodynamics has been conducted by us in different age-related groups; regularities of the age-linked dynamics of the main indicators thereof and their mutual interrelations have been investigated. We have justified some additional prediction factors responsible for the development of arterial hyperstension and the relevant patterns of prevention measures associated therewith.
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Статья научная
Aims The aim of the present paper is to study the morphofunctional changes in the tumor tissue and peripheral zone in experimental animals under the influence of extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR). Combined effect of EHF EMR and ultra-low-frequency magnetic field (ULF MF) without the use of special anti-tumor agents is to be studied as well. Materials and methods The experiments have been performed on 56 outbred male rats with inoculated sarcoma 45. Low intensity EHF EMR and ULF MF exposures have been carried out only on animals’ heads. Histological and morphometric study of the sarcoma 45 tumor tissue and its peripheral area has been performed. Results In case of the combined electromagnetic exposure (in 65 % of cases) against the background of the sTable anti-stressor adaptation reactions an evident anti-tumor effect has been observed. Under effective combined electromagnetic action, lymphocyte infiltration of the tumor tissue and its peripheral zone was enhanced not only in comparison with the reference group, but also compared to the EHF EMR monoexposure. Conclusions Thus, significant enhancement of the tumor tissue infiltration by leukocyte cells under the combined effect of EHF EMR and ULF MF may indicate mobilization of the local immune mechanisms due to the activation of the neuroendocrine and immune system organs.
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Morphological and anatomical study of the new plant collection phytofrufol
Статья научная
For the first time, the morphological and anatomical features of the herbal preparation "Phytofrufol", developed on the basis of medicinal plants growing in the conditions of Uzbekistan, were studied. The results obtained will allow identification of the studied collection, provide the possibility of developing regulatory documents and introducing this herbal collection into medical practice as a new diuretic drug.
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Статья
Morphological studies represent the most important part of evidence-based medicine, and in oncology they are an essential attribute in the diagnostics of malignant neoplasms. In experimental oncology, current models of the tumor growth are developed to be as close as possible to the actual biological life conditions. There is a need to study the pathogenesis of tumors in various variants of their orthotopic growth, the formation of bi-model systems with a combination of the malignant growth and comorbid conditions (chronic neurogenic pain, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, obesity), the use of subcellular substrates for the induction of carcinogenesis and biotherapy. Among the important methods for studying the pathogenesis of tumors, morphology is on a par with advanced molecular genetic and biochemical methods, as well as radioimmunoassay techniques.
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Morphometry of the internal structures of the graylag goose (Anser anser) heart
Статья научная
As a result of our research, it was found that the heart of the graylag goose Anser anser is a hollow muscular organ weighing 28.950±0.08 g in females (relative 0.73%), 29.091±0.09 (0.69%) in males, with a length: ♀ 51.55±0.07 mm, ♂ 52.66±0.08; it is oval, slightly elongated. Auricular appendices are oval, slightly elongated, in size: the right one with a length ♀14.98±0.05 mm, ♂ 15.57±0.06; with a width ♀ 21.99±0.0 mm, ♂ 22.23±0.05; their wall thickness data are as follows: ♀ 0.47±0.05 mm, ♂ 0.49±0.06; left - ♀ 12.27±0.05 mm, ♂ 12.98±0.06; ♀ 14.89±0.07 mm, ♂ 15.04±0.08; ♀ 0.71±0.03, ♂ 0.78±0.02 mm, respectively; the convex base. The pectineus muscles are located in the walls of the auricular appendices. From the interatrial crest, four to eight pectineal muscles extend, which are connected by smaller muscles, thereby forming a finely looped network. The left ventricle is ♀ 40.97±0.09 mm long, ♂ 41.05±0.08; with a width ♀ 14.89±0.09, ♂ 14.98±0.09; wall thickness ♀ 8.29±0.05, ♂ 8.35±0.07. It contains a tricuspid valve, which has three cusps: septal, caudal, lateral. The right ventricle is ♀ 31.39±0.05 mm long, ♂ 31.49±0.05; with a width ♀ 6.29±0.03, ♂ 6.39±0.05; wall thickness ♀ 2.89±0.03, ♂ 2.91±0.04, has a crescent-shaped atrioventricular opening. The valve length is ♀ 19.17±0.04 mm, ♂ 21.17±0.05 mm.
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Mortality from circulatory system diseases in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 2015-2019
Статья научная
Aim of the study is to analyze the mortality rates of the population of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR) from circulatory system diseases (CSD) for the period 2015-2019 to determine measures to reduce the mortality of the population of the Republic.
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