Статьи журнала - Cardiometry
Все статьи: 527
Signal morphological criteria for cardiotoxicity in breast cancer chemotherapy
Статья научная
Aims A high incidence of breast cancer is observed in all countries throughout the world, and this dictates the use of aggressive antitumor drugs. The toxogenic effect of anthracycline drugs on the cardiovascular system under conditions of oncological pathology determines the need to expand the diagnostic capabilities for detecting cardiotoxicity, including searching for signal morphological markers in blood serum. The aim of this work is to study the structure of solid-state films of blood serum in patients with breast cancer at the stages of their chemotherapeutic treatment to identify signal criteria for cardiotoxicity. Materials and methods Studies were conducted in 25 patients with primary breast cancer (BC) with an extent of spread of the tumor process corresponding to T2-4N0-1M0. Polychemotherapy (PCT) was carried out in a neoadjuvant regimen, which included doxorubicin (60 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) supported by echocardiography examinations and ECG monitoring. Morphological testing of solid-state blood serum samples was carried out using the Shatokhina-Shabalin method of wedge-shaped dehydration both before PCT and in the course thereof. Samples were visualized with the Leica DMLS2 microscope with a magnification from x20 to x90. Results Before starting the PCT course, in the serum facias, in 55% of the cases detected has been the loss of the radial symmetry system and the formation of pathological types, including the “double” facias that is a criterion of systemic intoxication. Local markers of comorbid states with a detection rate of up to 40% of intoxication21.05.2020impaired vascular elasticity, sclerosis, hypertension and ischemia have been identified. After 3 courses of PCT including anthracyclines, the occurrence rate of formation of these pathological criteria increased by 1.7 times; the occurrence rate of myocardial trophic disorder markers was found to be higher. At stages 5-6 of the treatment course, in 80% of the cases, some signal signs of the cumulative effect of anthracyclines associated with impaired cardiac rhythmogenesis were detected in the facias structure. Conclusions Inhibition of tumor growth under PCT including anthracyclines is accompanied by structural deformation of the systemic and local self-organization of blood serum. An intensification of crystallogenesis of inflammation pathological proteins, sclerosis, intoxication, hypertension, stagnation angiospasm and cardiac arrhythmias makes it possible to assess the intensity of drug cardiotoxicity using the identifying markers, predict long-term effects of PCT and a possibility of their prevention.
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Significance of coping strategies on the outcome of surgical treatment of patients with prosoplegia
Статья научная
Aim: to evaluate the impact of coping strategies on the outcomes of surgical treatment of patients with prosoplegia. Material and methods: the analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 50 patients with prosoplegia that developed after removal of tumors of the posterior part of the skull, the lateral part of the skull base, and the parotid-masticatory region involved in reconstructive interventions on the facial nerve was performed. At the preoperative stage a clinical examination of patients was performed according to the House-Brackmann scale, Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS) scale, and a neurophysiological study was performed. A survey was carried out with the use of the Heim’s questionnaire, WCQ (version by Lazarus), CSI as an indicator of coping strategies before surgery and the Aaron Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC). Outcomes were evaluated according to the Johnny Chuieng-Yi Lu subjective scale “Satisfaction with surgical treatment”. Results: all patients from 6 to 10 months after surgery showed signs of muscle recovery, which in the majority (88%, n=44) was accompanied by an improvement in their condition. In 12% of cases (n=6) there were no positive dynamics, which caused unsatisfactory results of treatment. Such painful conditions are often interrupted or recommendations for self-rehabilitation are not followed. The above-described predominance of maladaptive coping strategies in patients with unsatisfactory initial operations is reliable. Adaptive treatment strategies were better developed in patients with favorable treatment outcomes. A high direct correlation was established between the outcomes of treatment, assessed by the Johnny Chuieng-Yi Lu scales, SGFS and SOC coherence scale, Conclusion: Systemic complex rehabilitation and self-rehabilitation have a significant impact on treatment outcomes. Prosoplegia leads to a violation of facial and emotional expression, causing social maladjustment and depressive disorders, minimizing the effects of reinnervation in combination with negative coping strategies. As a result, full-fledged surgical treatment of the facial muscles is currently a very difficult and sometimes insurmountable task.
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Статья научная
Aims The aim of the paper is to show the significance of the fractal approach to scientific discovery in the context of interrelations between the modern natural sciences and medicine in order to increase an efficiency of applications of most advanced medical devices. Materials and methods Herein used is the fractal approach as methodology and logics of scientific discovery as a fundamental component of scientific cognition that allows demonstrating an objective interrelation between modern natural sciences and medicine, first of all, cardiology. Also used are the methods for mathematical modeling of measuring and computing systems as methodology for biomedical signals studies. Results For the first time demonstrated is the role of fractal approach as methodology and logics of scientific discovery, which is the basis of the scientific cognition, that allows detecting the interrelations between the modern natural sciences and medicine, cardiology, in particular. For the first time denoted is an area of possibilities of applications of the methods for mathematical modeling of measuring and computing systems as a methodology for studying biomedical signals (electrocardiosignals). Conclusions The way out of the crisis in medicine is offered herein; prospects for overcoming the crisis are discussed in connection with the use of different methodologies such as tensor methodology, quantum mechanics, artificial intelligence, transdisciplinary research and others.
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Simulation model for Covid-19 pandemic
Статья научная
This paper outlines computer modeling algorithms designed to predict and forecast a COVID-19. In this paper, we consider a deterministic model. Theongoing COVID-19 epidemic quickly spread across the globe. Significant behavioural, social initiatives to limit city transport, case identification and touch tracking, quarantine, advice, and knowledge to the public, creation of detection kits, etc. and state measures were conducted to reduce the epidemic and eliminate coronavirus persistence in humans around theworld from stopping the global coronavirus outbreak. In this paper, we propose a basic SIR epidemic model to show a simulation, the MATLAB algorithm using bouncing dots to depict safe and sick people to simulate infection spread. The graphical model shown here is implemented using MATLAB package version 3.0. In this paper, we discuss the importance of models because they help one explore what could happen. They demonstrate how different possible futures might be shaped by what we are doing now. We can examine the effects of specific interventions in different ways such as quarantine or a lockdown & explore how simulations may predict, how infectious diseases advanced to show the possible result of an outbreak, and better guide initiatives in public health regarding the pandemic response andpandemic past including an overview of the key characteristics of adverse pandemic consequences and epidemic outbreak.
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Socio-cultural factors of human surviving under the conditions of the Leningrad blockade
Статья научная
Aim The aim of the article is to show the significance of the axiological approach in explaining the place of socio-cultural factors, such as social status, ethical values and art, in survival of human population under the conditions of the Leningrad blockade, which reveal in a new methodological viewpoint the significance of the fundamental discoveries, made by Soviet scientists, still underestimated, in biology and medicine (high viability of a part of the population under extremely severe conditions, possibility of activating the hidden reserves of the organism on the verge of life and death, dysregulation pathology, high life potential of the human body, dependence of severity and outcomes of alimentary dystrophy on the psychoemotional status), which have an enduring value and are very topical in our days of significant growth rate of occurrence of extreme situations like environmental and anthropogenic disasters, local armed conflicts and criminal events. Materials and methods In this article the following theoretical tools are applied: a widely used in science neurobiological approach; a new approach to the nature of art as a means of human survival; a cosmological model of the «world of many worlds»; a concept of space ethics and the corrected «hierarchy of needs” by A...
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The paper offers an analysis of activation therapy approaches to an increase in efficacy of anti-tumor treatment with the use of electromagnetic-nature factors as developed by L.Kh. Garkavi and E.B. Kvakina. Basic principles of optimization of the effects of exposures to electromagnetic radiation in various frequency bands, considering the patterns of development of general unspecific adaptation reactions of the organism as well as conceptual presentation of the organism as a complex nonlinear dissipative system, are described herein. Analyzed are effects of exposure to low-intensity radiation in the millimeter and decimeter wave bands, undertaken according to the above principles, detected in oculated tumor bearing rats. A weak infra-low magnetic field was applied in the study as an additional factor. The experimental study shows a possibility to obtain marked antitumor effects without use of conventional antitumor therapy means.
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Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and gene therapy
Статья
One in Four Deaths in Japan Caused by Cancer. Cancer is the most common cause of death for Japanese people who are 40 and over, while suicide is the leading cause among young people. In 2020, 378,356 people died of cancer in Japan, according to a Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare report. This accounts for 27.6% of all deaths that year and equates to one in four people dying of cancer. The death rate for cancer-the number of deaths per 100,000 people-has been rising steadily and in 2020 reached 307.0. For men, the type of cancer with the highest death rate at 88.8 was lung cancer (53,244 deaths), followed by stomach cancer (27,769), and colorectal cancer (27,715). For women, the most common type with a death rate of 38.0 was colorectal cancer (24,069) and then lung cancer (22,337).
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Speckle images of the vessels and hydrodynamic phantoms in optical coherence tomography
Статья научная
The results of a study of a series of sequential images of a vessel and a hydrodynamic phantom of biological tissues obtained using a Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SP OCT) are presented. Acquired data were processed and histograms of speckle distributions were created. They demonstrated differences in the intensity distribution for three different areas of the OCT image: (1) free space, (2) wall of the vessel, and (3) the flow of scatterers. Using an optimization algorithm the histograms were approximated by various distribution functions, best result was demonstrated by the beta distribution with the determination coefficient R2 ~ 0.95. The resulting distributions quantitatively demonstrate effect of tissue heterogeneity. They show significant differences in the values of the shape and scale parameters, corresponding to the obtained beta distribution parameters, which were α ~ 1.7, β ~ 20.5 for free space, α ~ 3.1, β ~ 5.5 for the wall region of the phantom, α ~ 2.6, β ~ 1.7 for the flow of the scattering liquid. Variance matrices of the OCT images, which show correlation of speckles between adjacent pixels and those of the successive images were also obtained. Brighter areas of the variance matrix indicate a dynamic speckle structure in OCT images, while low brightness of the areas indicates static speckle structure, on the contrary.
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Spotlight on management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Статья обзорная
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the commonest inherited cardio-myopathy. Prevalence 1/500 individuals. The disease has variable expressivity and penetrance, which leads to a diverse phenotypical expression. The aim of this review paper is to shed light on management of HCM.
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Standardization of the ECG on the basis of cardiac cycle phase analysis
Статья научная
Aims The article aims at describing the basic system criteria of the ECG interpretation on the basis of the cardiac cycle phase processes as well as systematizing these criteria for developing new standards for the ECG classification. Materials and An original ECG lead of the ascending aorta is proposed. It identifies the methods boundaries of the rapid and slow ejection phases. The concepts and description of the ECG waves are introduced. The amplitudes of the ECG waves are used to characterize the contraction of the muscles of the cardiovascular system segments. Results The general principles of the ECG standardization based on the amplitude analysis of the ECG waves are described. Conclusion Development of the standardization system will contribute to quality improvement of the diagnostics performed by practising physicians.
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Статья научная
The aim hereof has been to investigate the dynamics of processes of free radical oxidation and antioxidant protection in the heart cell mitochondria in female mice of strain С57ВL/6 at different stages of the В16/F10 melanoma growth under the comorbid pathology conditions, namely, chronic neurogenic pain.
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Stellanin: a promising medical drug for accompanying therapy in lung cancer treatment
Статья научная
One of the cancer prevention measures involves the correction of the altered functions of the body’s regulatory systems. Many malignant tumors are accompanied by the thyroid system dysfunction. The aim of our study was to reveal an effect of an iodine-containing drug on the development of a tumor process in the lungs and the level of thyroid hormones in blood and the thyroid gland in male rats. Material and methods. Outbred white male rats were divided into the following groups: a group of intact animals (n=7); a comparison group – 5 weeks after an intravenous inoculation of sarcoma 45 (S45) at 2*106 (n=7); a main group – 5 weeks after an intravenous inoculation of S45 and intragastric administration of Stellanin at a single dose of 0.4 mg/kg within an hour after the inoculation (n=10). RIA was used to determine levels of free (F) and total triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in the blood serum and the thyroid. Results. The lungs of rats in the comparison group were totally affected by the tumor, and the thyroid gland showed a sharp decrease in the levels of all hormone forms: T4 – by 18.7 times, T3 – by 8.5 times, FТ4 – by 8.1 times, FТ3 – by 21.3 times, while only FТ4 and FТ3 decreased in blood by 2.5 and 1.5 times, respectively (p<0.05). No tumor lesions were detected in the lungs of rats of the main group, and the hormone levels exceeded the levels in the comparison group: in the thyroid, FT4 by 3.7, T4 by 15.0 and T3 by 6.0 times; in blood, FT4 by 3.3 and FT3 by 1.7 times Conclusions. The effect of Stellanin inhibiting malignant growth of S45 in the lungs is accompanied by the restoration of low levels of thyroid hormones in the thyroid and blood.
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Strategies for mitigating the effects of a pandemic on Indian medical tourism
Статья научная
India is a favorable destination for medical tourism because of its quality healthcare services and affordable treatment costs. It is a continuously growing industry across the globe. But whenever any pandemic situation arises, it adversely affects the industry. Currently, COVID-19 has a severe negative impact on the medical tourism sector. This paper discusses the effects of a pandemic, critical issues, SWOT analysis, and components that mitigate the adverse effects of pandemic diseases on medical tourism in India. During this phase, it is crucial to encourage domestic medical tourism for the sustainability of this sector. India’s heritage of ancient medicine promotion, along with modern medicine can captivate the medical tourists. The destination country requires meeting the expectations of tourists through quality services. With India entering this unexpected downturn in this sector, destination country it must emphasize the slow and steady growth of medical tourism against the current and potential future pandemics.
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Stress among caregivers of schizophrenia - a pilot analysis
Статья научная
Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia experience a lot of stress and emotional strain, and they are frequently required to take care of them for the rest of their lives. Having a relative with mental illness can be stressful for many families.In India, the family is an important source of support for the mentally sick. Despite their incredible fortitude in caring for their relatives, Indian families face a great deal of physical and emotional suffering. The bad feelings and subsequent strain experienced as a result of caring for a chronically ill individual are referred to as caregiver’s burden. The overall response of an organism to external demands or pressure is known as stress. Any incident or occurrence that a person perceives a danger to his or her coping skills or resources can be the source of stress, and coping is a complex process. Ignorance and misconceptions among patient caregivers, deinstitutionalization policies, and a lack of resources all contribute to a high illness burden among caregivers. Many families believe they lack the required coping techniques to assist in the management of their relatives’ mental illness. Serious mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, have catastrophic consequences for both sufferers and their families. A pilot study was done among 28 careers of schizophrenia to examine the study’s viability and feasibility. This study advocated for a true experimental research design .Conclusion: This pilot study concludes by demonstrating the efficacy of psychosocial therapies on stress in schizophrenia careers.
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Stress in pathogenesis of development of tumor pathology of the thyroid gland
Статья
Our experience in the endocrine surgery at our clinics institution has shown a relationship between the appearance of nodules in the thyroid gland and a long-term exposure to stress. At present, the complicated geopolitical circumstances play a role of an active stressor, and until recently, it was also the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused a change in lifestyle, heavy material losses, and loss of loved ones. Oncogenic activity of cells is reflected in an imbalance of markers of proliferation and apoptosis. Many researchers associate thyroid pathology with molecular alterations as diagnostic markers
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Статья
Depending on the individual resistance to hypoxia, many cell-adaptive reactions are formed, but the mechanisms of their occurrence are still not clear. Hypoxia is associated with many biological processes, including pathogenic microbial infection, cancer, acute and chronic diseases, and more other. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate the expression of a number of genes involved in cellular metabolism, cell growth/death, cell proliferation, glycolysis, immune response, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. The brain and the heart are the organs most sensitive to oxygen deficiency, and their mitochondria, as the primary consumers of cellular oxygen, help tune cellular and organismal responses to hypoxia through structural or functional modifications. To date, there have been no comparative studies of the ultrastructural features of brain and cardiac mitochondria in animals demonstrating different tolerance types to oxygen deficiency: low-resistance (LR) and high resistance (HR) to hypoxia, which influence the general resistance of the body to oxygen deficiency.
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Статья научная
Topicality. Most of the inhabitants on the planet have directly experienced certain manifestations of pain, and in the case of chronic pain sensations, some significant changes may occur not only in the psycho-emotional sphere of a human individual, but also some functional alterations in the life maintenance systems. There are two global problems of medicine which are associated with oncology and cardiovascular pathology, and, taking into account the prevalence of pain symptoms of various etiologies, a pathological triangle is formed, each side of which affects the overall configuration thereof. There is a need to understand these pathological relationships in order to determine the real possibilities of breaking them and correcting such common complex life situations. Any attempt to create a concept and visually verify the real pathological changes in the heart, when modeling a combination of chronic neurogenic pain and a malignant process, is relevant that is the aim of this research work. We targeted the morphological picture of the heart in female mice with chronic neurogenic pain (CNP) and the growth of B16 melanoma and found a rather tough scenario of unfolded events. Materials and methods. We used female mice of the C57BL/6 line with a normal genotype. Chronic neurogenic pain (CNP) was produced by bilateral ligation of the sciatic nerve. Against that background, all animals were subcutaneously transplanted with melanoma B16/F10. After decapitation, the isolated heart preparations were carried out according to the stages of morphological preparation for staining sections with hematoxylin-eosin, followed by morphological examination of the structure with the Leica DM LS2 microscope furnished with an Olympus optical.C-5050 Zoom video camera and Morfotest software. Photographing was conducted with magnifications x10, x40, x100. Results. A pronounced pro-oncogenic effect of pain stimulation of the neurogenic nature was revealed, which consisted in an earlier manifestation of the tumor growth, large-scale metastasizing even to atypical target organs, and the formation of a pre-terminal state at an earlier time. At the same time, morphological correlates of prolonged damage to the heart at the level of the valves and the ventricular wall were determined, the key elements of which were ischemia, total longitudinal splitting of muscle fiber bundles, blood filling of large vessels, hemorrhages, deep cell dystrophy of cardiomyocytes, myolysis, macrofocal necrosis (myomalacia), an accumulation of necrotic masses, fibrosis and eosinophilic infiltration. Visualization of the nuclei of cardiomyocytes indirectly indicated the switch of the death program to the non-apoptotic pathway, i.e. necrosis as a result from the “tumor-caused” depletion of the energy reserves of cardiomyocytes. Conclusion. The simulated hypertrophied manifestations of myocardial catastrophe in the experiment expand the concept of a prolonged infarction and provide a basis for predicting and preventing a negative course of events in difficult patients with persistent pain syndromes and comorbid pathology against the background of the development of a malignant process.
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Статья научная
The aim of this research work has been to investigate the structural organization of solid films made from blood plasma taken from patients with secretory multiple myeloma (MM) and identify some specific markers of the tumor process in them, when conducting selective plasma exchange and medication. Using the methods of wedge- and edge-shaped dehydratation, we have completed morphological screening of solid samples of blood plasma in 25 patients primarily diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). The obtained results are characterized by profound disorders in the processes of self-organization with predominance of some pathological morphotypes of facias having systemic and local signs of intoxication and paraproteinemia, which correlate with their equivalents revealed in the respective biochemical tests. It has been found that development of multiple myeloma is accompanied by formation of some oncomarkers specific to this sort of oncopathology. The identification of the oncomarkers have been confirmed by the formation of the pathological aggregation of anisotropic micro- and macrospherolytes, which have demonstrated degenerative transformations upon completion of chemotherapy: they have been shaded because of producing complex compounds with chemotherapy drugs or metabolites of the latter. Conclusion. By this means the cascade of the pathological events have been reflected in our screening morphological assays of blood plasma that is of great prognostic value and may be used in evaluation of efficacy of treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Conventional methods for arterial pressure (AP) measurement are not capable of identifying it in each cardiac cycle. Besides, they ignore many significant factors. The paper reports on an innovative method based on cardiac cycle phase analysis for detecting systolic and diastolic AP changes in each cardiac cycle using synchronous digitally processed ECG and Rheo recordings. Considered is the phase mechanism of the natural diastolic pressure regulation. The diastolic AP changes referred to the physiological norm and aortic dilatation status are also assessed.
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