Статьи журнала - Cardiometry
Все статьи: 571
Статья обзорная
The present paper deals with prenosological diagnostics as methodology of an estimation of functional states of an organism. Highlighted is its first practical application in space medicine, at long influence of stressful factors, including such factor unusual to terrestrial organisms as weightlessness. Demonstrated is the methodology's wide recognition and use in various areas of medicine and physiology. Health is considered herein as process of the continuous adaptation of an organism to environment conditions. Thus, shown is the connection between transition from health to illness and decrease in adaptable possibilities. Transition from health to illness, an exhaustion and failure of mechanisms of adaptation are described in detail. The classification dividing the prenosological states into physiological norm, prenosological, premorbid and pathological states is used herein. Prenosological studies including diagnostics, screening and control are considered.
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Prediction of kidney disease using machine learning algorithms
Статья научная
The loss of renal function occurs gradually in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is associated with a high death rate. India is second only to China in the number of people living with DKD and it is expected that one million new cases arise in India each year. If diagnosed at an early stage, DKD may be effectively treated. DKD is more dangerous since it often has no early warning signs in its infancy. From a healthcare provider's standpoint, it is crucial to take preventative measures by using a machine-first model to foresee the beginning of DKD. The likelihood that a patient may acquire DKD can be estimated using their health records, and there are open source machine learning methods available to do this. The amount of clinical factors and the number of datasets used to train the algorithm both affect the prediction accuracy. A machine learning method and a booster algorithm were used in this work to increase the accuracy of DKD prediction. The strategy utilized in boosting algorithm produced more reliable outcomes than models used without boosting such as random tree, KNN and support vector machine.
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Predictors of residual coronary artery disease after PPCI in diabetic patients with STEMI
Статья научная
To describe the patients’ characteristics and risk factors of diabetic and non-diabetic patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in relation to residual SYNTAX score after PPCI (primary PCI). Material and Method: Prospective observational study using data from all comers in NHI with STEMI and underwent PPCI over one month. Results: The present study consisted of 290 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction over one month period. About 50% of the patients with diabetes were more often female, with a greater prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. In the diabetic group, the eGFR
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Статья научная
Background: Predictors of Suboptimal reperfusion are still unclear. Aim: This study aimed to determine the factors that may indicate suboptimal reperfusion and short-term mortality in patients who were diagnosed with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Patients and methods: This multicenter prospective comparative study, conducted at Benha University hospitals and National Heart Institute, included 400 patients (age1, heavy thrombus burden, prediltation, multiple stents insertion and longer stent length are predictors of the SOR after PPCI. While, Patients on long term beta blockers (BB) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) are less likely to develop SOR. Furthermore, patients with SOR are more likely to develop in-hospital arrhythmias, heart failure, acute mitral regurge and inhospital mortality. Additionally, it increases 6-months risk of reischemia and mortality. Conclusions: Predicting the occurrence of no-reflow following pPCI can be achieved by considering various factors, such as clinical data, laboratory results, angiographic features, and procedural characteristics. Heavy thrombus burden, prediltation, dyslipidemia, longer stent length, pain to PCI time and RBG >300 (mg/dL) at the time of presentation were found to be the most predictable variables to SOR. Long term use of BB and ACEI were found to be significant independent factors that decreased the likelihood of TIMI9h were considered the most predictable variables to mortality in no reflow.
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Статья научная
At present, to develop new, scientifically justified, technologies of an accompanying therapy to improve the oncological situation is a challenge to health care. A therapy to accompany a specific cancer treatment in case of a malignant process in an organism is dictated by the necessity to raise the nonspecific resistance of the organism in cancer patients. In this case, original methodological approaches to initiate the mechanisms of the nonspecific resistance have been developed on the basis of the theory of the adaptational reactions. Within the framework of the above theory, some concepts of relationship between the specific and nonspecific anti-tumor processes have been extensively developed that may be successfully applied to solving tasks of the National Health Care Program. Aim. The aim hereof is to introduce the theoretical basics of the nonspecific adaptation regulation and control by a tumor- bearing organism into practice for an integrated treatment of malignant tumors with the use of the activation therapy technologies. Materials and methods. Our research work has involved clinical data on 1310 patients, who have been diagnosed with cancer of different localization: breast cancer (n = 170), cervical cancer (n = 60), lung cancer (n = 760), bladder cancer (n = 120), brain gliomas of high grade of malignancy and metastatic damage (n = 170) and extended colorectal cancer (n = 30) and who have completed their treatment at the National Medical Research Centre of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Results and Discussion. We have used at different stages of the cancer treatment some technologies of the accompanying therapy, designed and developed on the basis of the approaches and principles of adaptive responding by a human organism. The above line of attack has provided a time- and intensity- scheduled functional loading (some factors of the electromagnetic and pharmacological nature) under control over formation of the desired stable reactions of the anti-stressor type. Following the principles of the activation therapy, the designed programmable regimes of extra actions and exposures have resulted in improvement of immediate outcomes of the treatment of malignant tumors, raise in quality and prolongation of life in our cancer patients.
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Статья научная
The aim is to study the incidence rate of anxiety and depressive disorders and their relationship with the everyday activity at the H.M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University (KBSU) medical faculty students a year after the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. As a part of a cross-sectional observational study, a survey of 425 students at the Faculty of Medicine was conducted. The average age of the surveyed students was 20.9±2.1 years. The Spielberger-Khanin questionnaire, the HADS anxiety and depression scale, as well as a questionnaire specially developed by the authors to clarify some indicators of students’ activity were used. Results. The prevalence of high levels of situational anxiety (SA) was 1.4%, personal anxiety (PA) 30.8%, anxiety 29%, depression 21.6%. High levels of SA were statistically significantly more common among students with higher education (p = 0.0417), living in rented apartments (p = 0.0136), countryside residents (p = 0.0005), with debts (p = 0.0122 ); high levels of PA were identified among students who assessed their living conditions as satisfactory (p=0.0001). Clinically pronounced depression was statistically significantly more common among students with higher education (p=0.0258), who assess their living conditions as good (p=0.028), have debts (p=0.0001), employed (p=0.0001) and practiced low physical activity (p=0.0001). Associative relationships were detected between the levels of SA, PA, anxiety, depression and students’ activity parameters included in the study. Conclusion. The results obtained can be used to improve the academic process and preserve the mental health of the KBSU medical faculty students.
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Статья научная
Objectives: There are numerous opportunistic bacterial spe-cies that are unusual and rarely found in laboratory samples, most are challenging to routinely identify, some of them even being documented very little in clinical samples. Also, the role of these species in the coordinates of the disease is no less av-erage and important than the common bacterial species.
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Prevention and interventional strategies of adolescent obesity / overweight
Статья научная
Purpose: It’s a known factor that obesity and overweight among adolescentsare major emerging global health problems associated with morbidityand mortality throughout their life in developed and developing countries. There is evidence that reducing overweight and obesity by increasing awareness, self-efficacy, and contemplation to adopt a health-promoting lifestyle.The aim of this review how the theory and model used to reduce this burden through vicarious interventional activities among adolescence (10-19 years)in a school setting. Methods: A literature search was performed in four databases to identify published studies between January 2009 and December 2019. Randomized control trial exploring the multiple interventional effects on obesity and overweight by utilization of with or without theoretical constructs and outcome on body mass index. Results: Originally references searched were 2112 abstracts and full-text articles. The total population was 34,846 adolescents. Most of the multiple interventionshad little positive effect onphysical activity, dietary intake, and sedentary behavior changes directly on BMI. Only three studies show changes in behavior through theory. Minimal studies reported the involvement and motivation of parents, friends, and teachers for themselves and adolescents. Conclusion: The contemporary review to visualizemultiple interventions, and how models and theory focused on various pragmatic activities in the delivery and outcome in school settings among adolescents.
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Статья научная
The article discusses the areas of work in the field of prevention of ophthalmic diseases in children against the background of certain intestinal pathologies. The authors note the importance of understanding the need to reduce the risk of developing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which not only negatively affect the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, but also contribute to the development of ophthalmic diseases in children. Experts have determined that exposure to the human microbiome through the use of probiotics and prebiotics can both ef-fectively reduce the level of inflammation of the intestinal tract, and prevent or reduce the degree of development of various ophthalmological diseases. Accordingly, preventive measures related to the use of probiotics and prebiotics will allow special-ists in the field of ophthalmology to increase the effectiveness of specialized therapy for eye diseases by reducing the nega-tive effect of IBD on the child’s body.
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Статья научная
It is known that is an ambiguous phenomenon in medicine. There is no generally accepted definition of the concept, and approaches to the interpretation of the essence of the category in question are also different, since polypragmasia, being vital for certain diseases, can become extremely dangerous in certain conditions of the human body, as well as negatively affect the health of patients of certain age groups. In particular, elderly and senile patients, often in a state of comorbidity or polymorbidity and taking a significant amount of medications (both prescribed by a doctor and without one), are at risk of a possible deterioration in their health. Accordingly, the identification of problematic aspects of polypragmasia in the development of comorbidity in elderly and senile patients, as well as the identification of ways to reduce the negative impact on the state of health of extended drug therapy is quite relevant in modern conditions.
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Problematic aspects of the use of artificial intelligence capabilities in modern medical diagnostics
Статья научная
Modern medical diagnostics makes it possible to establish the presence of signs of a particular disease and enable specialists to prescribe a complex of therapeutic and medicinal measures to patients in a timely manner in accordance with the established diagnosis. However, in some cases, it is not always possible to diagnose a particular disease at an early stage due to the imperfection of diagnostic tools. In the recent period, the possibilities of artificial intelligence have been used in medical diagnostics, which significantly expands the capabilities of specialists in the field of establishing early key symptoms of the disease. However, the use of artificial intelligence capabilities in medical diagnostics is associated with a number of problems, the presence of which does not allow to realize the possibilities of digital technologies in full. The solution of these problems, according to the authors of the article, is highly relevant, since it can give a significant impetus to the development of diagnostic medical technologies, which will allow timely provision of high-quality medical care to patients.
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Отчет
The paper describes some concepts on processes occurring in the neuroendocrine and immune systems during development of general unspecific adaptational reactions. The concepts are based on the known evidence on the changes in the regulatory systems and the previously identified peculiarities in correlations between the levels of biogenic amines in blood and the organs, respectively, under various adaptational reactions, as well as the known effects of biogenic amines. A number of practical consequences significant for the correct evaluation of the functional state in humans and animals are also considered herein.
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Статья
Natural killer cells (NK) are part of the innate immune system of the body and play an important role in the immune surveillance of foreign cells and the body’s own altered cells, including the transformed ones. The NK cells, without prior stimulation, can eliminate target cells which do not express their own MHC class I molecules or express stress-induced molecules. These basic, natural functions of the NK cells as a tool in the fight against malignant tumors have attracted particular attention. For this purpose, various approaches are used to increase the number and/or enhance the functional activity of the NK cells. One approach uses cytokines to selectively increase both the number and effectiveness of the NK cell antitumor function. Another approach focuses on checkpoint inhibitors targeting the NK cell receptor. Bispecific and trispecific activators have been developed to enhance the specific immune response by cross-linking specific tumor antigens with effector cells. In addition, methods of adoptive transfer of the NK cells have shown promising results, however, a fairly large volume of cell mass is required there.
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Properties of melanoma mitochondria to form tumor nodules in the body of experimental animals
Отчет
The aim hereof is to develop a method for revealing the properties of mitochondria isolated from melanoma of the skin to form melanoma tumor nodules in the body of mice in parenteral transplantation of melanoma mitochondria. Materials and methods. We used experimental animals according to the following design: intraperitoneal transplantation with B16/F10 melanoma mitochondria in the Balb/c Nude male mice, n = 8. All animals underwent a one-time transplantation of B16/F10 melanoma mitochondria based on 5.2 mg of protein per 1 animal in 0.4 ml of saline solution. The Balb/c Nude male mice were used as the references, which were transplanted with 0.4 ml of saline solution once into the muscle and intraperitoneally. Morphological examination of sections of the internal organs and the B16/F10 melanoma foci was carried out after specimen paraffin embedding and hematoxylin- eosin staining with microscopy of specimens with Axiovert (Carl 44 Zeiss, Germany) and Axiovision 4 image visualization software (Carl Zeiss, Germany). Results. Upon intraperitoneal transplantation of mitochondria isolated from melanoma to the Balb/c Nude mice, in the autopsies in 100% of the animals after 2 weeks of the experiment the total damage to the internal organs by the tumor nodules was revealed. The morphological examination of the internal organs of the Nude mice 2 weeks after the intraperitoneal transplantation of B16 melanoma mitochondria demonstrated a tumor lesion of the visceral tissue and the abdominal organs. Conclusion. Thus, the use of parenteral transplantation of mitochondria isolated from B16/F10 melanoma in the C57BL/6 and Balb/c Nude male mice caused the growth and development of melanoma foci in the body. Our study revealed previously unknown properties of mitochondria isolated from B16/F10 skin melanoma, consisting in their ability to induce the development of melanoma tumor nodules in the body of animals upon the tumor cell parenteral transplantation.
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Статья научная
The paper presents an analysis of some promising lines of developing off-office telemonitoring. Some applications of expert systems designed on the basis of algorithms used for medical decision making are discussed herein. The whys and wherefores of the design of automated hardware & software systems in CVD therapy, which can be used for prevention and off-office follow-up telemonitoring in elderly individuals, are given herein. Methods We evaluated a total of 1078 consecutive anterior STEMI patients who underwent PPCI with deployment of new generations DES. The patients were divided according to the number of implanted stents into 2 groups; multiple-stents group having ≥2 overlapping stents (n =388) and single-stent group (n =690). We compared the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs; composite of cardiac death, reinfarction, ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization (TVR), definite stent thrombosis (ST), and stroke) between the 2 study groups. Results There was a non-significant trend toward increased in-hospital mortality in the multiple-stents group [3.4% vs 1.7%; P=0.096] related to a significant higher rate of cardiogenic shock [9.5% vs 6.1%; P=0.037] and post-procedural suboptimal TIMI flow [26.3% vs 19.4%; P=0.009] as compared to the single-stent group. Yet, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the incidence of 6-month MACEs: [9% vs 7.1%;The paper presents an analysis of some promising lines of developing off-office telemonitoring. Some applications of expert systems designed on the basis of algorithms used for medical decision making are discussed herein. The whys and wherefores of the design of automated hardware & software systems in CVD therapy, which can be used for prevention and off-office follow-up telemonitoring in elderly individuals, are given herein. Methods We evaluated a total of 1078 consecutive anterior STEMI patients who underwent PPCI with deployment of new generations DES. The patients were divided according to the number of implanted stents into 2 groups; multiple-stents group having ≥2 overlapping stents (n =388) and single-stent group (n =690). We compared the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs; composite of cardiac death, reinfarction, ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization (TVR), definite stent thrombosis (ST), and stroke) between the 2 study groups. Results There was a non-significant trend toward increased in-hospital mortality in the multiple-stents group [3.4% vs 1.7%; P=0.096] related to a significant higher rate of cardiogenic shock [9.5% vs 6.1%; P=0.037] and post-procedural suboptimal TIMI flow [26.3% vs 19.4%; P=0.009] as compared to the single-stent group. Yet, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the incidence of 6-month MACEs: [9% vs 7.1%;
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Prospects for the application of mathematical modeling in clinical medicine
Статья научная
Aims The aims of the study are to follow the correlation of СAD development with various clinical and laboratory parameters and risk factors in a cohort of patients with multiple medical conditions and evaluate the effect of various parameters in the development of the disease using a new mathematical model approach. Materials and methods This study covers a limited patient cohort (n = 12) formed according to the rules of a local register. We have applied the methods of probabilistic mathematical modeling of cardiovascular disease with the formation of an aggregated matrix. Matrix fields were presented the instrumental methods of diagnosis and clinical and biochemical blood tests of patients. Results When using various methods of mathematical and statistical analysis (including cluster and factor analysis), created has been a graphic model of interaction of clinical, biochemical and instrumental parameters with the development of CAD. The mathematical and statistical completeness of the description of the patient’s condition by the parameters of pathology on the basis of the measure of reliability of the completeness of the description was R=0,98-1,0, the coefficient of determination was equal to R2=92,0-98,0%...
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Статья
Skin melanoma is a highly aggressive malignant neoplasm, the treatment of disseminated forms of which remains a serious problem, despite recent advances in the development of medical drugs based on the inhibition of the BRAF oncogene as well as on the basis of immune response regulators [1]. In addition, the question of identifying prognostic markers of metastasis and diagnostic markers of skin melanoma remains relevant. Despite advances in understanding the pathogenesis of melanoma and the development of various therapies aimed at immune checkpoints, the patient survival remains low in the progressing metastatic disease [2]. Targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are used in the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
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Prospects for the use of neural networks in cardiometry
Статья обзорная
This paper provides an overview of the use of neural network technology in cardiology, primarily in diagnostics using ECG. The aim of this work is to substantiate the use of artificial neural network technology in cardiometry, as a field of science that is closely related to cardiology, but differs from it in the wider use of natural science approaches. The definition of machine learning is given, and the concept of artificial neural networks as one of the methods of machine learning is defined. The mechanism of electrocardiogram recording is described and methods of its analysis are considered. The types of neural networks used for electrocardiograms processing are revealed. The prospects of using the neural network method for processing the data obtained during cardiometric studies are determined.
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Protein system of bacillus anthracis antigens
Статья научная
In our research work, we have considered the structures of some anthrax antigens, their design and functions, as well as the genetic apparatus encoding them. The study is of interest to those practicing microbiologists and researchers whose area of interest includes knowledge of the regulation of infection processes and subsequent transformations of Bacillus anthracis spores in the host organism. Pathways for the expression of B. anthracis pathogenic genes, the factors influencing them, as well as ways to use patterns in gene expression to increase the immunization in experimental animals by combining various experimental vaccines, which are currently used in preventive practice in different countries of the world and in particular in the Russian Federation, are considered in detail herein. In addition, the article may be of interest to scientists and researchers conducting research in the field of creating new immunizing agents based either on the anthrax genome or some parts thereof.
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Quality control of NK cells produced ex vivo for malignant neoplasm therapy
Статья
The process of transferring the technology for obtaining a drug from the laboratory to production and, then, to the clinical practice is always a very complicated and time-consuming way, requiring many adaptation solutions. Regarding biomedical cell products (BMCP), this is even a more complex process, requiring large-scale expansion of procedures to obtain clinically significant numbers of cells, adaptation to reagents and equipment, and establishment of safety parameters for reagents, equipment and the final product. Nevertheless
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