Globalization is a social phenomenon with broad implications. It changes the appearance of the world, and also the way we look at the world. It leads us, whether we like it or not, to live more radically, faster, more openly and to constantly adapt to the changing environment. Achieving the superior business performance in the global environment is related to respecting and adapting to new challenges and trends. It is quite clear and certain that it depends to some extent on good communication and negotiating skills whether the company will achieve business growth. Numerous activities in the modern business system are based exclusively on good communication, where the parties involved in the communication process must know the business skills, market, desires and style of behavior. Business cooperation begins and ends with communication. It is the basis for the growth and development of the company.

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The importance of ethics in accounting and auditing professions in Serbia

Trklja R., Dašić B., Radović A.

Статья научная

In recent times, the concept of business ethics has been getting increasing importance in modern market economies as the result of the large number of detected unethical business activities. Accounting and auditing are the professions of extremely high ethical sensitivity. In order to be able to produce reliable, high-quality financial statements and to maintain both their professional and personal integrity, accountants and auditors have to resist the pressure put upon them by the market and by their clients. Ethical and professional conduct of accountants and auditors is significant for estimating their credibility and quality of their work. The subject of this paper is the need for constant improvement of competences and skills which accountants and auditors must have in order to satisfy increasingly challenging requirements of modern environment. With reference to that, the paper presents the concept of professional ethics, accounting and auditing professions as well as the Code of Ethics in Accounting and Auditing Professions.

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The importance of management in developing city tourism in Serbia

Milačić D.

Статья научная

Tourism today plays an increasingly important role in the eco-nomy, and its further growth depends on the coordinated development and adaptation of the tourist product to modern market trends, where different forms of tourism of special interest are gaining more and more importance. City tourism is one of the special forms of tourism that offers this branch of the Serbian economy a long-term competitive advantage. The main strength of the city's tourist destination is the attraction complexes, which have two functions - to attract the guest and fulfill his expectations. The potential of this demand can be fully utilized by a planned and coordinated approach to the development of this tourist product. The development of urban tourism will also mean a better place for residents to live, and economic benefits for the entire community will be brought not only by higher tourist demand, but also by increased consumption of the local population stimulated by a more attractive place to live created by the development of tourist facilities. Despite numerous attractions and values, Serbian tourist products have not been properly marketed, adequately developed, nor presented and commer-cialized on the international tourist market. Serbia must significantly raise the competitiveness and attractiveness of tourist products through res-pectable world experiences and its own innovations, relying on those pro-ducts and business sectors in tourism that have a global perspective and where Serbia can build global competitiveness.

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The importance of organizational culture for humanitarian operations

Milošević Nikola, Mišić Milan, Matić Nemanja

Статья научная

The humanitarian setting poses a number of challenges to organizations, so it is important to respond in an adequate way. Organizational culture is a significant factor in organizational performance and can be a deciding factor between success and failure. Every organization has its own unique culture, whether management is aware of it or not. In order to perform in the most efficient way and to be able to carry the strategy into effect properly, humanitarian organizations need an adequate and strong organizational culture. Then, to strengthen the team's sense of purpose and help it move in a unified direction humanitarian principles and standards are developed. For the development of the organization timely establishment of value systems and patterns of behavior is very important. Organizational culture is important for internal structure as well as for external bonds among participants.

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The influence of intellectual capital on the performance of small and medium it enterprises

Radivojević Nikola, Dević Željko, Savić Marko

Статья научная

This paper examines the impact of intellectual capital on the performance of small and medium IT companies operating in the Republic of Serbia. The research was conducted on the example of 112 IT companies, using panel data analysis, in such a way that the data was collected from the balance sheet and success of IT companies for the period from 2013 to 2020. The primary goal of the research is to determine the importance and impact of intellectual capital on the performance of IT companies, since this is a sector based on the 5th industrial revolution. An additional goal of the research is to answer the question of which element of intellectual capital has the greatest impact on the success of small and medium IT companies in the Republic of Serbia. The results of the research indicate that intellectual capital has an impact on the business performance of IT companies in human and engaged capital. Research has found that structural capital has a negative impact on business performance.

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The legal relations in documentary letter of credit transaction

Savić K.

Статья научная

In this paper we will analyze the legal relations inherent in the letter of credit transaction, a crucial financial instrument in international trade. Letter of credit, regulated primarily by the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP) provide security for both buyers and sellers by ensuring payment upon the presentation of stipulated documents. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex legal relations and the roles of main parties involved, uncluding the buyer, seller, issuing bank and confirming bank, and analyzes their rights and obligations under the UCP.

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The role and position of the tax balance in the financial reporting system

Milojević I., Milanović A.

Статья научная

To understand the essence of the tax balance, one must start with the functions of a company within the economy of a country in general. The state demands financial resources from companies based on the profit earned, so each company is interested in minimizing the profit it achieves in the market in order to reduce the tax base upon which the state claims resources. Since the tax balance is a report that shows the amount of taxable profit, i.e., the tax base, the state is interested in its most accurate definition. It is also necessary to present the importance of understanding the tax balance in a way that is acceptable to the company's management, especially in economies that are in development, like ours. The paper presents the position of the tax balance within the financial system, the role, and place of the tax balance in the family of other financial statements. It particularly highlights the role of the risks that arise when preparing and controlling the tax balance, as well as the dependence of the tax balance on the form and structure of the company.

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The role of banking risk in shaping banks' accounting policies

Aleksandar Savić, Snežana Krstić, Biljana Ivanova

Статья научная

The subject of the research in this paper is the analysis of the most common types of risks in banking with an emphasis on risk management, in order to achieve the optimization of the risk-return ratio. In the overall context of the functioning of a bank, improving management, i.e. bank governance, is inevitable. Risk management is an extremely topical topic, since the global economic crisis has also affected the banking system and many banks have run into difficulties and losses, precisely because they were unable to repay their investments. The scientific objective of the research is the scientific description of risk as a phenomenon in modern banking institutions, the identification of factors that lead to risk, as well as proper risk management. The social objective of the research relates to the identification of weak points in the risk management sector, and the provision of proposals for improving work techniques in order to create a more favorable environment for the successful operation of banks in the long term.

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Theoretical and legal foundations of economic analysis of law

Aleksandar Stanković

Статья научная

The paper analyzes the theoretical and legal positions of the school of economic analysis of law. This school of law certainly represents almost the most influential approach in modern legal theory. This can be seen both in recent theoretical and legal reflections in the field of tort, anti-cartel and commercial law, and in individual theoretical analyses dedicated to some of the most complex issues of family, criminal and constitutional law, i.e. the issues of human, civil and minority rights and freedoms. This paper aims to investigate and subject to critical analysis the theoretical foundations on which this teaching of law rests, while at the same time attempting to provide an assessment of them, bearing in mind the different value approach adopted by advocates of economic analysis of law in relation to the usual value approach to law in general.

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Transformation of investment funds in the Republic of Srpska

Starčević Vitomir

Статья научная

In the process of transformation of the socialist system, the need was imposed for the development of a market way of doing business following the example of the economies of market developed countries. In this context, the Republic of Srpska is pursuing an economic transition to enable the establishment of a marketorganized economy. Privatization of state capital in companies is an indispensable precondition for the implementation of this goal. This would enable the establishment of a market economy and an open and liquid capital market. To achieve this, the key task is to establish an efficient financial system that is the most important part of the overall economic system. This imposes the need for the presence of well-trained financial institutions to operate in the newly emerging market conditions. Therefore, in the Republic of Srpska, attention is paid to the transformation of already existing financial institutions and the formation and transformation of new ones, such as investment funds. The formation and transformation of investment funds is of great importance in supporting the market economy. Consequently, the research in this article is focused on the chronological presentation of the transformation of investment funds in the Republic of Srpska and their operations in order to see to what extent they have influenced or not the development of corporate management and capital markets.

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Transnacionalne kompanije kao nosioci stranih direktnih investicija

Boban Dašić

Статья научная

Cilj ovog rada je da se ukaže na značaj TNK koje putem SDI podstiču proces transnacionalizacije kao najizraženiji proces u svetskoj privredi i svetskim zbivanjima. Imajući u vidu činjenicu da je privreda Srbije suočena sa simboličnim nivoom domaće štednje, visokom zaduženošću domaće privrede i sa nedostatkom kapitala kao najvažnijim problemom ekonomskog razvoja, bez kog se ne mogu rešiti ključni razvojni problemi, jedini oblik međunarodnog kretanja kapitala koji može otkloniti navedene nedostatke i pokrenuti posrnulu domaću privredu jesu SDI koje sprovode TNK. Problematika stvaranja što povoljnijeg poslovnog okruženja, atraktivnijeg investicionog ambijenta tj. povoljne investicione klime, treba da bude jedna od najvažnijih preokupacija svih subjektivnih snaga svake zemlje.

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Transport economics: the impact of transport infrastructure on the economic development of rural areas

Ilievska Kostadinović M., Kostadinović G.

Статья научная

Transport services represent a vital component of modern society and the global economy. They encompass a wide range of activities— from the movement of people and goods to complex logistics, intelligent systems, and digital technologies that enhance transport efficiency. With the growth of globalization and increasingly interconnected markets, the development of transport infrastructure has become a fundamental prerequisite for economic growth and international competitiveness. A historical analysis of transport services offers valuable insights into how states have used infrastructure as an instrument of economic policy, and how the concept of sustainability has become indispensable in shaping new strategic approaches to infrastructure planning. This paper examines the evolution of transport infrastructure, the role of transportation in economic development, and the contemporary challenges associated with sustainability and environmental criteria. Special emphasis is placed on the historical development of transport systems and various examples of economic policies that have used transportation as a mechanism of economic influence and national development.

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Tranziciona tranzicija tranzicije – neophodnost srpske ekonomije

Vidoje Stefanović

Статья научная

Jednu od suštinskih komponenti sadržine pojma tranzicije, kako za Srbiju tako i za ostale postsocijalističke zemlje, čini prelazak sa jedne razvojne koncepcije (ekstenzivne i mobilizacione) na drugu, sasvim drugačiju koncepciju razvoja (tržišno utemeljenu i inovaciono usmerenu). U domenu privrednog rasta to znači napuštanje fenomena pretežno fizičkog uvećanja proizvodnje i prelaz na ekonomsko napredovanje koje podrazumeva da se stalno vodi računa o odnosu troškova i ostvarenih rezultata.

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Tržište kao ambijent za donošenje poslovnih odluka

Jelena Šaranović

Статья научная

U cilju jasnog definisanja odnosa preduzeća prema okruženju, neophodno je stvoriti koncept strategije. U zavisnosti od toga šta se posmatra kao neposredno okruženje preduzeća razvijeni su različiti koncepti strategije. U oblasti poslovne strategije pristu poznatiji kao “pristup mogućnosti”, poslovnu strategiju definiše kao suprotstavljanje između onog što preduzeće može da uradi na bazi internih prednosti i slabosti i onoga što bi trebalo da uradi na bazi šansi i pretnji iz okruženja. Svaki konkurent pri definisanju strategijskog koncepta nastoji da stvori konkurentsku prednost na bazi sopstvenog lanca vrednosti i sistema vrednosti. Razlikujemo strategiju prteduzeća i strategiju biznisa. Kao najbitnije strategije na nivou preduzeća izdvajaju se: strategija stabilnosti, strategija rasta i strategija promena, doku su za strategiju biznisa bitne: strategija diferenciranja, strategija vođstva u troškovima i strategija fokusiranja.

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Turističke potrebe kao determinanta razvoja turizma

Stefanović Vidoje

Статья научная

Čovekove su potrebe brojne i raznovrsne, a uvek zavise od brojnih faktora i situacija u kojima se čovek nalazi. Ukupnost potreba i njihova hijerarhija, kako ih svaki čovek oseća, može se posmatrati i definisati kao skup čovekovih potreba. U skupu čovekovih potreba sadržane su i turističke potrebe. 'Osećaj pomanjkanja' koji izazivaju turističke potrebe zadovoljava se turističkim dobrima (proizvodima i/ili uslugama). Pojedine vrste potreba, zbog svoje specifičnosti, mogu se posmatrati kao posebnost ili kao posebne skupine potreba. Turističke potrebe, zacelo se izdvajaju u posebnu skupinu potreba. Raznolikog su sadržaja i strukture, a zadovoljavaju se dobrima koja omogućuju raznovrsne oblike rekreacije, putovanjem, promenom boravka na područjima van domicila itd., ali i drugim čovekovim aktivnostima.

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U potrazi za iskustvima privatizacije sa pozitivnim ishodom: nova znanja – strategijski imperativ

Dragoljub Bjelanović

Статья научная

U vremenu tranzicije privatizacija preduzeća predstavlja prvi iskorak ka ostvarivanju poslovne, tržišne i razvojne perspektive. Ona predstavlja potreban zamah ka poslovnom uspehu. Neminovno je da se u takvim uslovima postavlja pitanje šta je garancija uspeha i rasta jednog preduzeća, šta je njegova prava vrednost, šta je njegov pravi kapital. Iskustvo u privatizaciji Šumadijskog okruga govori da su uspeh na tržištu obezbedili oni vlasnici privatizacionih hotelskih preduzeća koji su bili spremni da investiraju u nova znanja i veštine i na taj način kontinuirano povaćavaju nivo kompetencija nakon privatizacije, o čemu će biti govora u ovom tekstu. Rad se bavi promenama u strukturi zaposlenih hotela Šuamdisjkog okruga, posebno u broju i obrazovanju, nakon završenih privatizacija. Cilj rada je da kroz primere privatiѕovanih hotela u Šumadijskom okrugu i njihovih organizacionih promena ukaže na neophodne korake koje hotelski menadžment mora da preduzme u pravcu podizanja kompetencija kao pretpostavke ostvarivanja poslovnog uspeha u budućnosti U vremenu tranzicije privatizacija preduzeća predstavlja prvi iskorak ka ostvarivanju poslovne, tržišne i razvojne perspektive.

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Uloga biznisa u kriznoj situaciji

Mihailo Dedović

Статья научная

Ako je čovek realno postao pravi biznismen, on će umeti da ceni svoje radnike. On će se truditi da realizaciju dela svojih ideja, ili ličnih potreba, odloži za kasnije, da sačuva radni kolektiv, isplaćuje mu platu, sačuva to čime se bavio poslednjih godina. A, ako se čovek uspaniči, proda biznis, pobegne negde, to znači da je reč o pogrešnom biznismenu... Koju ulogu ima krupni kapital u prevazilaženju krize u SAD i Rusiji tema je ovog rada.

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Uloga države u savremenim tržišnim privredama – novi izazovi

Nebojša Backović

Статья научная

Sagledavanje uloge države u savremenim tržišnim privredama predmet je pragmatičnih potreba privreda u tranziciji. Ne mali broj značajnih ekonomija u (zapadnom) svetu u fazi je preispitivanja vlastitog modela upravljanja ekonomijom i traženja načina za održavanje visoke ekonomske performanse. S obzirom da se naša privreda nalazi u procesu zakasnele tranzicije, nova saznanja savremene struke i nauke, na ovu temu, više su nego potrebna. U radu smo otvorili neka pitanja specifičnosti novih i starih modela i koncepata funkcionisanja država sa ciljem da savremena saznanja u struci i nauke približimo kreatorima tranzitorne strategije i politike i olakšamo im put u definisanje vlastitog modela upravljanja ekonomijom.

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Uloga i značaj arheoloških nalazišta Titelskog brega za razvoj turizma Titela

Vujko Aleksandra, Gajić Tamara, Petrović Marko, Madžarević Milenko

Статья научная

Prvi podaci o arheološkim nalazištima na Titelskom bregu datiraju još od pre 300 godina, a na prostoru brega trenutno postoji šest lokaliteta čijom bi se aktivacijom, promocijom i uključivanjem u turističke tokove, doprinelo razvoju turizma Titela. Cilj rada je da prikaže nivo poznavanja, informisanosti i ličnog stava stanovništva o Titelskom bregu i arheološkim nalazištima koji se na njemu nalaze, a potom i da se utvrdi njihov značaj i vrednosti za budući razvoj turizma. Prvi deo rada jeste ispitati lokalno stanovništvo o arheološkim nalazištima i Titelskom bregu kao prirodnom resursu od izuzetnog značaja i potencijala, a drugi deo je predstavljanje potencijala koje poseduje Titelski breg zajedno sa arheološkim nalazištima, osmišljavanje budućih, potencijalnih načina za aktivaciju jer sam prostor uopšte nije prepoznatljiv široj turističkoj javnosti. Istraživanje je sprovedeno među 328 ispitanika, slučajna prolaznika grada Novog Sada kao i stanovnika Titela. Takođe, za potrebe istraživanja, urađena je valorizacija, zoniranje i SWOT analiza.

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Uloga i značaj inovacija u razvoju privrede Srbije

Dajić Maja

Статья научная

U ekonomiji zasnovanoj na znanju inovacije predstavljaju najznačajniji izvor promena. Kontinuirano inoviranje, u savremenim dinamičnim uslovima, je od velikog značaja jer obezbeđuje održivu konkurentnost na domaćem i globalnom nivou. Srbija se nalazi pred velikim izazovima kada je reč o inovativnosti. Razvoj privrede Srbije nije u potpunosti vođen inovacijama iz razloga što poslovno okruženje nije u dovoljnoj meri prilagođeno razvoju inovacionog sistema. Takođe, naučna zajednica iako predstavlja neprocenjiv nacionalni resurs se nedovoljno koristi. Ne postoje adekvatna izdvajanja za nauku koja je osnova za stvaranje novih znanja značajnih za pojavu inovacija. Pored pomenutih, brojni su i drugi faktori koji sputavaju inovativni razvoj Srbije. Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na to kakva je situacija po pitanju inovativnosti Srbije u 2016. godini, koji faktori ograničavaju inovativnu sposobnost naše zemlje i koje su to mere koje bi trebalo preduzeti da bi se pospešio razvoj inovtivnog sistema Srbije.

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