Статьи журнала - Ekonomski signali
Все статьи: 311
The Cultural and economic value of sports events in rural areas: media and legal context
Статья научная
The cultural and economic value of sports events in rural areas represents a multidimensional phenomenon encompassing local development, the preservation of cultural identity, and the strengthening of social cohesion. Research shows that sports manifestations in smaller communities contribute to economic activity through increased tourism spending, support for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the generation of seasonal employment. At the same time, they serve as a means of promoting cultural heritage and the local way of life, thus fostering a sense of belonging and community. The media context plays a crucial role in the visibility and sustainability of these events. Coverage in local and regional media enables better positioning of rural municipalities on the cultural and tourist map of the country and increases the potential to attract sponsors and investors. On the other hand, the legal framework governing the organization of sports events in rural areas must align with the principles of transparency, safety, and responsibility in order to ensure long-term benefits for the local community. Given all the above, an intersectoral approach is needed-one that integrates sports policy, cultural development, media strategy, and legal regulation. Only through such coordination can the full potential of sports events as a tool for integrated rural development be realized.
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Статья научная
Business Process Reengineering (BPR) in monopolistic enterprises aims to increase efficiency and reduce costs by integrating processes in order to achieve optimal performance. The business plan in monopolistic companies relies, among other things, on cost optimization and price control in competitive conditions. Monopoly and perfect competition represent two extreme market structures. A perfectly competitive market is characterized by the presence of numerous firms producing a homogeneous product, with no barriers to entry for new firms into the industry. In a monopolistic market, there is only one producer offering a differentiated product with no close substitutes, and where barriers to entry are very high. Like firms in other market structures, a monopolistic firm seeks to maximize its total profit. The position of maximum profit is achieved at the level of output where marginal costs equal marginal revenue. This corresponds to a level at which price is higher than marginal cost, which is the source of its monopoly power. Economic theory has devoted considerable attention to the study of monopoly power and measures for its mitigation. The subject of this paper is the specific impact of BPR on increasing the effects of ad valorem taxation as one of the forms of regulating monopolistic firm behaviour, as well as the effects of its implementation, which ultimately result in equilibrium in the monopolistic market.
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The concept of artificial intelligence and its scope in economic development
Статья научная
The enormous growth and development of technology, especially since the beginning of the 21st century, has led to an increase in the amount of information we are surrounded by. Thanks to this fact, the basis for ac-tion and accelerated development of programs based on artificial intelli-gence concepts was created. The mentioned programs base their work on the automated processing, collection and systematization of data without the participation of human activity in these processes, that is, without the use of human intelligence. Due to the speed and efficiency of such a way of manipulating a large amount of data, the concept of artificial intelligence introduces numerous changes and totally changes the way numerous social areas function. The subject of the author's interest will be pointing out the very importance and way of functioning of the concept of artificial intelli-gence, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of that concept, and all through looking at its impact on economic development.
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The cycle of money with and without the escaped savings
Статья научная
The escaped savings are critical for the cycle of money, as express the amount of money which leak from an economy and not return back to make more economic cycles.This paper is about the comparison of the cycle of money including the escaping savings and without the escaping saving. Then, it is plausible to extract the appropriate conclusions about the utility of savings in an economy when there the savings return to the market for investments and for consumption and when these savings are omitted and lost from the market for a long term period. For the purposes of this analysis is used the Q.E. method and the R.B.Q. model.
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Статья научная
The digital transformation of the financial system in recent years has prompted central banks worldwide to intensify their research and development of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). Among the most prominent initiatives is the digital euro project, which represents a response to the rapid proliferation of digital payment methods, the rise of private digital currencies, and the imperative to preserve monetary sovereignty and financial stability. The subject of this research is the analysis of the digital euro concept and its potential economic and institutional implications. The study aims to examine the prospective effects of introducing the digital euro on the implementation of monetary policy, the operations of the banking sector, the efficiency of payment systems, and the stability of the financial system. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges this form of currency may pose to non-eurozone countries, with a particular focus on Serbia. The methodology applied in this research encompasses a content analysis of relevant domestic and international scientific literature, the comparative method, institutional analysis, and descriptive statistics based on available data from international financial institutions. The research findings indicate that the digital euro can enhance the security, accessibility, and efficiency of payment systems, increase the resilience of the monetary system, and stimulate innovation within the financial sector. Concurrently, its implementation raises critical concerns regarding user privacy protection, the potential disintermediation and reduction of the commercial bank deposit base, cybersecurity risks, and the adaptation of the regulatory framework. The scientific contribution of this paper lies in its critical analysis of contemporary approaches to CBDC development and its comparative assessment of the digital euro's potential implications on the financial systems of countries undergoing the European integration process, with a specific emphasis on Serbia and the Western Balkans.
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The economic effects of Serbian neutrality in the Ukrainian crisis: risks and bebefits
Статья научная
The article explores and evaluates the dangers, advantages, opportunities, and risks for the Serbian economy stemming from its neutral stance in the Ukrainian crisis. Methods employed include content analysis of documents and official announcements, statistical description, analysis, and comparison of data. The research revealed an anticipated uptick in Serbia’s trade with Russia, attributed to its lower energy prices. This led to increased production in various sectors, such as machinery, motor vehicles, and the electrical industry. Contrary to expectations, trade with the EU not only increased but also improved structurally, particularly in higher-value goods exports. Recommendations advocate for internal resource investment in EU-threatened industrial sectors, specifically in bolstering production of products witnessing export growth.
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The efficiency of public expenditure and economic growth in the countries of the Western Balkans
Статья научная
The countries of the Western Balkans are facing a number of challenges. One of the most acute ones, certainly, is improving the efficiency of public expenditure. Having this in mind, the main research objective of the paper is to present the interdependence between public expenditure and economic growth in the Western Balkans. In addition, the analysis is focused on the efficiency of public expenditure in the group of the above-stated countries, as well as the relationship between the size of public expenditure and its efficiency in these countries. Data from the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Economic Forum were used for the analysis. The results reveal that this interdependence in the countries of the Western Balkans, in addition to different intensity, has a different direction.
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The future of the dollar as a world reserve currency in new international circumstances
Статья научная
The US dollar is the world's reserve currency, and it is also the currency most often used for trade and other international transactions. Due to the current geopolitical, economic and monetary developments, it is evident that a large number of countries are looking for ways to move away from the dominance of the dollar, as the leading world currency. The risk of de-dollarization has increased recently, partly due to the current Russian-Ukrainian crisis, as well as American economic sanctions against certain countries, and partly due to the growing role of the BRICS countries in the world economy. This paper argues and proves the hypothesis that the dollar as the world's reserve currency and the international monetary system are two sides of the same coin, that a complete loss of confidence in the dollar leads to the collapse of the global monetary system and vice versa, as well as that the destruction of the monetary system would lead to the disappearance of the dollar. The paper elaborates on dollar as a reserve world currency, theories of money, the dollar as a debt, deficits and monetary equivalents, the dollar and free markets, the IMF as a world bank and the SDR as a world money, the demand for gold as an indicator of distrust in the dollar, new global players and the world reserve currency, BRICS expansion and de-dollarization, and it is finalised with concluding remarks.
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The impact of philosophy on economics in the new era
Статья научная
This paper explores the profound and multifaceted relationship between philosophy and economics, tracing their historical convergence and examining how philosophical frameworks have shaped economic thought and policy across eras. From the metaphysical insights of Aristotle and the moral reasoning of Kant to the utilitarian ethics of Bentham and Mill, philosophical doctrines have consistently influenced economic paradigms, including classical, neoclassical, and behavioral models. The paper discusses key philosophical concepts, such as rationality, autonomy, justice, and utility, and their roles in guiding economic decision-making, policy formulation, and the evolution of global trade, sustainability, and technology. Special attention is given to how contemporary challenges like globalization, digital transformation, and environmental crises necessitate renewed philosophical inquiry within economic reasoning. Ultimately, the study argues for a reintegration of philosophical rigor into economics to foster a more ethically grounded, human-centered, and sustainable economic science for the future.
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The importance of communication for business success of companies in the conditions of globalization
Статья научная
Globalization is a social phenomenon with broad implications. It changes the appearance of the world, and also the way we look at the world. It leads us, whether we like it or not, to live more radically, faster, more openly and to constantly adapt to the changing environment. Achieving the superior business performance in the global environment is related to respecting and adapting to new challenges and trends. It is quite clear and certain that it depends to some extent on good communication and negotiating skills whether the company will achieve business growth. Numerous activities in the modern business system are based exclusively on good communication, where the parties involved in the communication process must know the business skills, market, desires and style of behavior. Business cooperation begins and ends with communication. It is the basis for the growth and development of the company.
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The importance of ethics in accounting and auditing professions in Serbia
Статья научная
In recent times, the concept of business ethics has been getting increasing importance in modern market economies as the result of the large number of detected unethical business activities. Accounting and auditing are the professions of extremely high ethical sensitivity. In order to be able to produce reliable, high-quality financial statements and to maintain both their professional and personal integrity, accountants and auditors have to resist the pressure put upon them by the market and by their clients. Ethical and professional conduct of accountants and auditors is significant for estimating their credibility and quality of their work. The subject of this paper is the need for constant improvement of competences and skills which accountants and auditors must have in order to satisfy increasingly challenging requirements of modern environment. With reference to that, the paper presents the concept of professional ethics, accounting and auditing professions as well as the Code of Ethics in Accounting and Auditing Professions.
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The importance of management in developing city tourism in Serbia
Статья научная
Tourism today plays an increasingly important role in the eco-nomy, and its further growth depends on the coordinated development and adaptation of the tourist product to modern market trends, where different forms of tourism of special interest are gaining more and more importance. City tourism is one of the special forms of tourism that offers this branch of the Serbian economy a long-term competitive advantage. The main strength of the city's tourist destination is the attraction complexes, which have two functions - to attract the guest and fulfill his expectations. The potential of this demand can be fully utilized by a planned and coordinated approach to the development of this tourist product. The development of urban tourism will also mean a better place for residents to live, and economic benefits for the entire community will be brought not only by higher tourist demand, but also by increased consumption of the local population stimulated by a more attractive place to live created by the development of tourist facilities. Despite numerous attractions and values, Serbian tourist products have not been properly marketed, adequately developed, nor presented and commer-cialized on the international tourist market. Serbia must significantly raise the competitiveness and attractiveness of tourist products through res-pectable world experiences and its own innovations, relying on those pro-ducts and business sectors in tourism that have a global perspective and where Serbia can build global competitiveness.
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The importance of organizational culture for humanitarian operations
Статья научная
The humanitarian setting poses a number of challenges to organizations, so it is important to respond in an adequate way. Organizational culture is a significant factor in organizational performance and can be a deciding factor between success and failure. Every organization has its own unique culture, whether management is aware of it or not. In order to perform in the most efficient way and to be able to carry the strategy into effect properly, humanitarian organizations need an adequate and strong organizational culture. Then, to strengthen the team's sense of purpose and help it move in a unified direction humanitarian principles and standards are developed. For the development of the organization timely establishment of value systems and patterns of behavior is very important. Organizational culture is important for internal structure as well as for external bonds among participants.
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The influence of intellectual capital on the performance of small and medium it enterprises
Статья научная
This paper examines the impact of intellectual capital on the performance of small and medium IT companies operating in the Republic of Serbia. The research was conducted on the example of 112 IT companies, using panel data analysis, in such a way that the data was collected from the balance sheet and success of IT companies for the period from 2013 to 2020. The primary goal of the research is to determine the importance and impact of intellectual capital on the performance of IT companies, since this is a sector based on the 5th industrial revolution. An additional goal of the research is to answer the question of which element of intellectual capital has the greatest impact on the success of small and medium IT companies in the Republic of Serbia. The results of the research indicate that intellectual capital has an impact on the business performance of IT companies in human and engaged capital. Research has found that structural capital has a negative impact on business performance.
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The legal relations in documentary letter of credit transaction
Статья научная
In this paper we will analyze the legal relations inherent in the letter of credit transaction, a crucial financial instrument in international trade. Letter of credit, regulated primarily by the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP) provide security for both buyers and sellers by ensuring payment upon the presentation of stipulated documents. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex legal relations and the roles of main parties involved, uncluding the buyer, seller, issuing bank and confirming bank, and analyzes their rights and obligations under the UCP.
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The role and position of the tax balance in the financial reporting system
Статья научная
To understand the essence of the tax balance, one must start with the functions of a company within the economy of a country in general. The state demands financial resources from companies based on the profit earned, so each company is interested in minimizing the profit it achieves in the market in order to reduce the tax base upon which the state claims resources. Since the tax balance is a report that shows the amount of taxable profit, i.e., the tax base, the state is interested in its most accurate definition. It is also necessary to present the importance of understanding the tax balance in a way that is acceptable to the company's management, especially in economies that are in development, like ours. The paper presents the position of the tax balance within the financial system, the role, and place of the tax balance in the family of other financial statements. It particularly highlights the role of the risks that arise when preparing and controlling the tax balance, as well as the dependence of the tax balance on the form and structure of the company.
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The role of banking risk in shaping banks' accounting policies
Статья научная
The subject of the research in this paper is the analysis of the most common types of risks in banking with an emphasis on risk management, in order to achieve the optimization of the risk-return ratio. In the overall context of the functioning of a bank, improving management, i.e. bank governance, is inevitable. Risk management is an extremely topical topic, since the global economic crisis has also affected the banking system and many banks have run into difficulties and losses, precisely because they were unable to repay their investments. The scientific objective of the research is the scientific description of risk as a phenomenon in modern banking institutions, the identification of factors that lead to risk, as well as proper risk management. The social objective of the research relates to the identification of weak points in the risk management sector, and the provision of proposals for improving work techniques in order to create a more favorable environment for the successful operation of banks in the long term.
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Theoretical and legal foundations of economic analysis of law
Статья научная
The paper analyzes the theoretical and legal positions of the school of economic analysis of law. This school of law certainly represents almost the most influential approach in modern legal theory. This can be seen both in recent theoretical and legal reflections in the field of tort, anti-cartel and commercial law, and in individual theoretical analyses dedicated to some of the most complex issues of family, criminal and constitutional law, i.e. the issues of human, civil and minority rights and freedoms. This paper aims to investigate and subject to critical analysis the theoretical foundations on which this teaching of law rests, while at the same time attempting to provide an assessment of them, bearing in mind the different value approach adopted by advocates of economic analysis of law in relation to the usual value approach to law in general.
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Transformation of investment funds in the Republic of Srpska
Статья научная
In the process of transformation of the socialist system, the need was imposed for the development of a market way of doing business following the example of the economies of market developed countries. In this context, the Republic of Srpska is pursuing an economic transition to enable the establishment of a marketorganized economy. Privatization of state capital in companies is an indispensable precondition for the implementation of this goal. This would enable the establishment of a market economy and an open and liquid capital market. To achieve this, the key task is to establish an efficient financial system that is the most important part of the overall economic system. This imposes the need for the presence of well-trained financial institutions to operate in the newly emerging market conditions. Therefore, in the Republic of Srpska, attention is paid to the transformation of already existing financial institutions and the formation and transformation of new ones, such as investment funds. The formation and transformation of investment funds is of great importance in supporting the market economy. Consequently, the research in this article is focused on the chronological presentation of the transformation of investment funds in the Republic of Srpska and their operations in order to see to what extent they have influenced or not the development of corporate management and capital markets.
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Transnacionalne kompanije kao nosioci stranih direktnih investicija
Статья научная
Cilj ovog rada je da se ukaže na značaj TNK koje putem SDI podstiču proces transnacionalizacije kao najizraženiji proces u svetskoj privredi i svetskim zbivanjima. Imajući u vidu činjenicu da je privreda Srbije suočena sa simboličnim nivoom domaće štednje, visokom zaduženošću domaće privrede i sa nedostatkom kapitala kao najvažnijim problemom ekonomskog razvoja, bez kog se ne mogu rešiti ključni razvojni problemi, jedini oblik međunarodnog kretanja kapitala koji može otkloniti navedene nedostatke i pokrenuti posrnulu domaću privredu jesu SDI koje sprovode TNK. Problematika stvaranja što povoljnijeg poslovnog okruženja, atraktivnijeg investicionog ambijenta tj. povoljne investicione klime, treba da bude jedna od najvažnijih preokupacija svih subjektivnih snaga svake zemlje.
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