Статьи журнала - Ekonomski signali
Все статьи: 302
Science and method: methodology of scientific research in sport
Статья научная
The monograph titled „Science and Method: Methodology of Scientific Research in Sport“, authored by Dejan Dasić, presents an in-depth analysis of the foundations of a scientific approach within the context of sports sciences. This manuscript examines the essential elements of any scientific research, regardless of the discipline in which it is conducted—ranging from the planning of research and the development of a scientific design to the selection of methodological approaches, data collection, and analysis. Published in 2023 by the Faculty of Sport at „Union University Nikola Tesla“ (Belgrade), this work serves as a valuable resource for re-searchers focused on phenomena and processes in the fields of sports and physical education.
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Selection of economically rational investments through cost benefit analysis
Статья научная
Business decision making is an act of choosing between at least two competing simultaneously available investment alternatives. Cost benefit analysis enables direct and indirect measurement of all relevant costs and benefits expected in the future based on a given investment project. It enables the justification of investments and the expediency of redirecting capital to investment projects. However, cost benefit analysis is not a method of general optimization because it deals with the comparison of two or more alternatives, neither of which has to be the economic optimum. The goal of cost benefit analysis is the careful selection of alternatives that best meet the set objectives in the field of relevant constraints. The choice of economically rational investments through cost benefit analysis is the topic of this paper.
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Serbia between western individualism and orthodox collectivism
Статья научная
The paper discusses the problems that come with the contradictions between individualism and collectivism. Discussions about these contradictions are still present in academic circles today. In Eastern European countries, individualism became relevant after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Up to then, the collectivist spirit prevailed. By accepting neoliberalism, post-socialist Eastern European countries began economic reform, including further educational reform, health reform, cultural reform, etc. This reform also meant the transition from collectivism to individualism because modern neoliberal capitalism belongs to individualism, in which the main focus is on the individual as the largest consumer. The transition to neoliberal capitalism led to a considerable number of workers losing their jobs after the liberalization, deregulation, and privatization of the Serbian economy, resulting in the lifeless demographic image of Serbia, which worsens significantly yearly. Today, Serbia remains without a working-age population, which, in addition to young and highly educated workers, also consists of artisans of various occupations. For the Serbian political elites, the path to the EU does not lead to the question. We've been on that road for twenty years, and it doesn't seem like we've moved much since the beginning. According to the principle, "one step forward, two steps back.".
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Significance, content and life cycles of investment projects in modern conditions
Статья научная
Investment is a very complex and complex process, which includes a number of sub-processes, phases and individual activities. It contains two very important and interconnected dimensions - time and uncertainty. The time period from the appearance of the idea of the need to invest to the realization of the investment is usually very long. The next step is the preparation for the realization of the investment, followed by the realization of the investment and finally the preparation of the production. A special group consisting of investment projects focused on the construction and equipping of facilities of various purposes are the subject of this paper.
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Sintaksička analiza kao centralna faza u radu kompilatora
Статья научная
Kompilator se projektuje kao modularan i dobro strukturiran programski sistem. Proces kompilacije, u logičkom pogledu, podeljen je na etape, a svaka etapa na faze. U fizičkom pogledu, proces kompilacije se deli na prolaze. Dve glavne etape procesa kompilacije su analiza i sinteza, one čine samo jezgro procesa kompilacije. U ovom radu obrađena je faza analize – sintaksička analiza.
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Sistem upravljanja kvalitetom i ekonomičnost poslovnog sistema
Статья научная
Ova analiza je pokušaj da se istraži u kojoj su meri poslovni sistemi i ljudski resursi koji su uključeni u procesu upravljanja kvalitetom koegzistentni u načinu na koji oni koriste svoje ljudske resurse u funkciji unapređivanja sistema upravljanja kvalitetom i ekonomičnosti, kao i stepen njihovog uticaja u upravljanju kvalitetom. Jedan od ključnih ciljeva bio je i da se istraži u kojoj meri sistem upravljanja kvalitetom doprinosi ekonomičnosti poslovnih sistema, uz određenje međusobnog uticaja upravljanja totalnim kvalitetom i menadžmenta ljudskih resursa.
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Sistem za rano upozoravanje na moguće opasnosti i šanse
Статья научная
Osnovni zadatak današnjih menadžera je da spoznaju pretnje i rano reaguju na njih sa ciljem da se njihov negativan uticaj po preduzeće smanji. Uspešna preduzeća raspolažu alatom, tj. metodama i instrumentima pomoću kojih se kriza pravovremeno prepoznaje, sprečava i njome ovladava, što navodi na zaključak da u takvim preduzećima kriza nastupa ređe, traje kraće i posledice su joj manje. Rukovodstvo ne sme da ignoriše čak ni prve, slabe signale krize, a kamoli kada su simboli postali relativno snažni i jasno se mogu razaznati. Ne sme se propustiti pravovremeni trenutak da se preduzmu neke mere sa trajnim dejstvom (adekvatna strategija) dok još postoje potencijali za to i dok još nije kasno. Nužan je i proces učenja/izvlačenja pouka za buduće krizne situacije, zbog optimiziranja sistema za rano upozoravanje što ima ključni značaj za dalju sudbinu preduzeća.
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Статья научная
In this paper author tried to explain the importance of free zones, their foundation, performance as well as the economic justification of foundation of free zone. Regarding the geostrategic position of our country, and having in mind road, railroad infrastructures and international navigable route through our country (river Danube), the free zones are of great importance. First, the foundation of free zones is in function of development of economy of one country, that is, engagement of all capacities-both human and production capacities. Considering the fact that the process of coordination of our provisions from the field of foreign trade with the European Union provisions (the majority is completely coordinated and compatible with European Union provisions), in this paper, by the system of comparison, is presented the analysis of performance, foundation, etc, of free zones in European Union, all that in regard to performance of Free zones in Serbia. Having in mind that the European Union is unique Customs area (Multilateral agreement of many member countries), on which territory are uniquely applied provisions of foreign trade turnover, which upgrades the importance of analysis of Free zones in the European Union, and for the purpose of coordination of our provisions, from the field of foreign trade turnover, with the European Union provisions. The sooner we coordinate our provisions with the European Union provisions, the faster the process of joining of the Republic of Serbia to the European Union will be.
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Slom američkog investicionog bankarstva – balon je ipak pukao
Статья научная
Stanje u svetskoj ekonomiji je nalik avionu kojeg je, na velikoj visini, zadesila dekompresija. Neki putnici su već stradali, posada je unezverena, ali umiruje preostale da ostanu vezani i veruju im da znaju šta rade, dok ogromna većina putnika, zatvorenih očiju uverava sebe da je sve ružan san i da oni uopšte i nisu na tom letu... Rad ima za cilj da ukaže na aktuelne uzroke najveće svetske ekonomske krize od perioda velike depresije – 30-tih godina dvadesetog veka.
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Статья научная
Social capital represents collective or individual value gained from connectedness in certain groups or networks. Custer is a system of connected enterprises and institutions that provide synergetic effect with their actions. Accordingly, one of very popular ways of organizing and strengthening the role of small and medium-sized enterprises is their connecting into clusters and building competitive advantage on that basis. Nowadays numerous organisations are trying to change their relationship towards social capital and divert a significant portion of their activities towards its quality management. The aim of this paper is to perceive social processes in the Serbian clusters and point out how the access to a cluster means entering a specific network of relations that can contain rich social capital. In that sense, the significance of the recognition of social capital in the clusters by small and medium-sized enterprises will be highlighted, since the relations of formal and informal connections in the networks have a strategic value for the improvement of SMEs, that are otherwise unable to make faster economic progress due to limited resources.
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Socio-economic and cultural aspects of e-sports: a literature review
Статья научная
E-sports have, over the past decade, evolved into one of the most dynamic phenomena of digital culture, with significant economic, social, and cultural implications. The aim of this paper is to analyze the key dimensions of e-sports development - based on a systematic review of recent scientific literature - and to assess its impact on contemporary economic trends, social relations, and cultural patterns. The findings indicate that the economic growth of the e-sports industry stems from the interaction of media technologies, digital infrastructure, human capital, and global market trends. From a social perspective, e-sports contribute to the formation of new types of social capital, online communities, and generational identity, while from a cultural standpoint they manifest through the transformation of media consumption practices, audience participation, and the normalization of digital behaviors. The paper synthesizes insights from multiple disciplines and highlights the need for integrated models that connect macroeconomic factors, organizational structures, and the individual practices of players and audiences. These insights may serve as a foundation for policymaking, the development of educational programs, and the improvement of institutional support for the e-sports sector.
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Socio-economic initiators of the function of education
Статья научная
Positioning of the phenomena of educations as a service overall, and in the economic system in ”organizations which learn”, therefore between countries and the market, in modern circumstances the field is still loaded with many problems, fallacies, unresolved issues, and numerous dilemmas and alternatives. That is above all an aftermarthof traditional understandings which qualify these phenomena as supporting and passive, and not like basic functions which can encourage the fundamental instruments of growth and development, while they treat the “organization which learns” like fashionable, instead of a scientifically based discipline. Modern forms of overseeing the economic reality excel with new ideas, considerations and conclusions. One of the sais that productivity in the public sector of countries in development cannot be lower than the productivity in other countries of Europe. It’s familiar that in service activitiesthere is little difference in productivity between countries with a similar cultural matrix. That way, a general practice doctor or a majority of jobs in administration and education cannot have greater productivity in the public sector. The stance that the public sector has greater earnings in average only persists as a general thesis because of the greater qualification of the employees.
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Specificities of strategic management in the public administration of the Republic of Srpska
Статья научная
In public administration - whether at the state level or within any unit of local self-government - positions are predominantly held by politically elected individuals whose professional and experiential foundations for such responsible work are often questionable. Being a municipal head or mayor in one of the 64 units of local self-government, or being a minister in the Government of the Republic of Srpska, or a responsible person in a state agency, directorate, or public company, means being accountable to the “owner of the capital,” that is, to the owner of budget funds - the citizens. It is the citizens, through their payment of taxes, duties, and contributions, who fill the budget and to whom results must be reported. Citizens have the right to receive increasingly better services for their money and to know whether mechanisms for sanctioning and rewarding managers are defined, as is the case in the private sector. They closely observe indicators of misuse, political manipulation, corruption, and all other possible irregularities within the budget, which they finance primarily through work in the real sector. The concept of “modern public administration” is a project that holds significant promise in terms of depoliticization, anti-corruption, prevention of misuse, and more responsible spending of public funds. The introduction of electronic public administration has opened the way to more transparent functioning of state institutions at all levels and has brought the model of state governance closer to the standards of the European Commission, for which the fight against abuse is a key priority. The authors propose a much broader application of strategic management models and experiences from the real sector to public administration management, as such an approach would strengthen strategic management within public administration and bring it closer to the true owners of the capital - the citizens who fund the budget that is being spent within an excessively large public administration system at all levels: the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the entities, cities, and local communities.
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Srbija u vrtlogu svetske ekonomske krize
Статья научная
Eskalacija kreditne krize, bankroti, široke državne intervencije u do skoro najliberalnijim zemljama sveta i panične reakcije na svetskim berzama, upisaće septembar 2008. godine crvenim slovima u istoriju moderne ekonomije. Potresi inicirani krizom u epicentru svetskog finansijskog sistema prodrmali su i ostatak globalističkog sveta, ne ostavljajući ravnodušnim ni marginalne ekonomije na svetskoj mapi kao što je naša... Rad analizira tekuću finansijsku krizu globalnih razmera i njene efekte na našu ekonomiju.
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Stanje i perspektive investicionih fondova u Srbiji i zemljama okruženja
Статья научная
The aim of the work is to point that investment funds in the countries of transition accelerated the process of transition. Using various experiences this work shows which role the investment funds have in the countries of the region. That means that our country is going to have wider engagement of the investment funds and lot of other things which have to be repaired. This research project had the mission to execute the identification of the barriers toward changes concerning wider development of the investment funds in republic of Serbia This is how we get a base for the development of investment banking in Sebia according to western criteria which has to be the final range of the banks in Serbia, beside the other products they offer.
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Stavovi građana prema obavezi plaćanja poreza na imovinu
Статья научная
U ovom radu biće prikazani stavovi građana prema njihovoj obavezi plaćanja poreza na imovinu, kao i potencijalni problemi naplate poreza na imovinu. Takođe, biće prikazani neki od načina njihovog rešavanja kako bi se na adekvatan način moglo delovati na poreske obveznike da redovnije izmiruju svoje poreske obaveze, a samim tim i da zadovolje svoje potrebe i potrebe svoje lokalne zajednice. Porez na imovinu, jedan je od najvažnijih prihoda jedinice lokalne samouprave. On bi trebao da bude i jedan od najizdašnijih prihoda, ali u praksi se često susrećemo sa problemima koji se odnose na naplatu ovog prihoda a vrlo malo rešenja kako bi se ona poboljšala. Od kada je administriranje poreza na imovinu prešlo na lokalne poreske administracije, došlo je do značajnog unapređenja njegove naplate, ali je to još uvek nedovoljno da bi se zadovoljile najosnovnije potrebe jedne lokalne zajednice.
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Strane direktne investicije i lokalna finansijska tržišta
Статья научная
Međunarodno kretanje kapitala predstavlja značajan oblik međunarodnog finansiranja i jedan od odlučujućih faktora globalizacije, imajući u vidu da kapital koji je uložen van granica nacionalne ekonomije dobija multinacionalni karakter, a pored toga utiče na platni bilans, privredni rast, zaposlenost, transformaciju privredne strukture i privrednu stabilnost individualnih zemalja. Međunarodno kretanje kapitala uključuje međunarodno kreditiranje, međunarodne portfolio investicije i direktne investicije u inostranstvu. Početkom devedesetih godina prošlog veka, znatno je povećan udeo tokova kapitala preko granica, a dolazi i do promene njihove strukture, uz značajno učešće stranih direktnih investicija. Predmet rada su efekti stranih direktnih investicija na zemlju domaćina, a posebno na ekonomski razvoj zemlje domaćina, i sagledavanje uloge lokalnih finansijskih tržišta kao posrednika radi ostvarivanja potencijalne koristi. U fokusu istraživanja je veza finansija, stranih direktnih investicija i razvoja. Cilj istraživanja je ukazivanje na komplementarnost između stranih direktnih investicija i lokalnih finansijskih tržišta.
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Strategija nastupa preduzeća na međunarodnom tržištu
Статья научная
Cilj rada je da determiniše adekvatan okvir strategijskog nastupa preduzeća na međunarodnom tršištu. Preduzeće koje planira da nastupi na međunarodnom tržištu mora dobro da se pripremi, da izabere adekvatnu strategiju, da bude fleksibilno u poslovanju, da ima promišljen tržišni nastup, razvijen marketing program koji prati aktivnost preduzeća. Izbor odgovarajuće strategije nastupa preduzeća na inostranom tržištu utiče na dugoročnu stabilnost tržišne funkcije i određuje okvire poslovanja u inostranstvu u kojima preduzeće može uspešno da razvije svoje sopstvene mogućnosti ali i da se izloži rizicima i nesigurnosti. Dolazi do konstantnih promena u okruženju, a mi znajući za te promene biramo između različitih opcija koje stoje pred preduzećem prilikom izbora strategije nastupa na međunarodnom tržištu. Preduzeće bi trebalo da, kroz analizu zemalja ulaska kao i oblika ulaska, sagleda koje opcije imaju veći značaj sa stanovišta njegovih strateških ciljeva pri nastupu na međunarodnom tržištu. Izbor odgovarajuće strategije je ključno pitanje pred kojim se nalazi preduzeće koje želi da nastupi na inostranom tržištu.
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Strategije sa opcijama na rastućem tržištu
Статья научная
Razvoj opcija na finansijske instrumente je doveo do revolucije na finansijskim tržištima, pružajući investitorima neslućene mogućnosti, kako na polju ostvarivanja profita, tako i na polju zaštite od rizika. Izbor adekvatne strategije sa opcijama omogućio je akterima na finansijskim tržištima da se uspešno prilagođavaju uslovima na tržištu i maksimalno iskoriste predviđene promene. U ovom radu akcenat je stavljen na optimalne strategije sa opcijama u uslovima rastućeg tržišta. Analizirane su ključne karakteristike ovih strategija, mogućnosti primene, kao i rizici i koristi, koji se za njih vezuju. Osnovni cilj rada je potenciranje koristi od poslovanja sa opcijama, koje investitori na domaćem tržištu još uvek ne mogu ostvariti, usled nepostojanja terminskog tržišta u Srbiji.
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Strategijska vizija i ciljevi u funkciji rasta i razvoja preduzeća
Статья научная
To specify clear definition of strategy, a ground plan within the strategy has to be worked out, as base for making strategic decisions, along with the inevitable strategic vision. For achieving this vision, necessary elements are: strategies, plans and budgets. Essential part of strategic vision is strategic intension which is at the same time a line of direction and an instrument to achieve goals, that are, in fact, projected results, targeted to be accomplished by business activity. Striking a balance of the importance of various aims and their coordination with basic goal of the company shows how essential is that structure of company's aims exists both vertically and horizontally. The aims must be realistic and reachable in space and time with clear awareness of limitations in the environment. Secondary aims, such as: growths, development, income, participation in the market are in fact an instrument to make profit, which is a primary goal.
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