Статьи журнала - Ekonomski signali
Все статьи: 302
Neoliberalizam – prošlost, sadašnjost, budućnost
Статья научная
Današnja ekonomska kriza je verovatno najveća koju je svet video, kako po geografskom obuhvatu, tako i po dubini. Ukoliko se uopšte može govoriti o njenom pozitivnom efektu, onda je to očigledna neophodnost ozbiljnog preispitivanje stanja u ekonomskoj nauci. Moć neoliberalne ideje nije ni u njenom kvalitetu, ni u univerzalnosti, već u tome što je u stanju da kontroliše ekonomsku politiku, istovremeno blokirajući svaku kritiku. Veliki biznis ima gotovo neograničenu finansijsku moć da politički, intelektualni i medijski prostor oblikuje po svojoj volji. Upravo je veliki biznis inspirator i izvor snage neoliberalizma i ta simbioza efikasno funkcioniše. U radu se polazi od hipoteze da u trijumfu tržišne individualističke ideologije – jednog agresivnog i netolerantnog tržišnog fundamentalizma – leži osnovni uzrok problema ekonomske nauke, ali i kulminacije globalne ekonomske krize.
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Neravnoteža bilansa plaćanja Republike Srbije u periodu 2000–2009 godine
Статья научная
Preveliki deficiti trgovinskog bilansa, omogućen je rastućim zaduživanjem u inostranstvu, lošom monetarnom i carinskom politikom, a u poslednje vreme i fiskalnom politikom, ali pre svega našom nedovoljnom konkurentnošću. Usporavanje priliva stranih direktnih investicija (SDI) u 2008 i 2009. godini, dalo je dodatni podstrek povećanom zaduživanju u inostranstvu. Uporedo s tim došlo je do pada robnom izvoza i uvoza, što je dovelo do pada trgovinskog deficita. Trgovinski deficit je smanjen, ali se povećao spoljni dug Srbije. Trgovinski deficit je nastao uglavnom zbog uvoza robe namenjene širokoj potrošnji, dok je učešće uvoza opreme u ukupnom uvozu skromno. Da bi se održala makroekonomska stabilnost privrede u narednim godinama, potrebno je zaduživanje u inostranstvu smanjiti i usmeriti ga na privredu, jer postoji opasnost da izvozni prihodi u narednim godinama neće biti dovoljni za uredno servisiranje obaveza po inostranim kreditima i normalno plaćanje uvoza roba i usluga.
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Nova kriza menadžmenta bankarskog sektora SAD
Статья научная
Novu krizu bankarskog menadžmenta u SAD prati labava monetarna politika, slabo upravljanje rizikom u bankama i regulatorne praznine u nekim važnim segmentima bankarskog sistema. Slabosti u bankarskom sektoru SAD pojačane su prenosom šokova i problemima koji potiču iz realne ekonomije. U radu je prezentovana kriza bankarskog menadžmenta tzv. loših momaka koji su predstavljeni kao banke u SAD. Međutim, dešavanja u bankarskom sistemu SAD izražena kroz novu krizu su znatno šira koji zadiru u osnove ekonomskog i finansijskog sistema ove države. Istina, u najnovije vreme primetne su neke pozitivne tendencije koje se prožimaju kroz realni a time i na bankarski sektor SAD.
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Nove paradigme trgovinskog menadžmenta u funkciji unapređenja prodaje
Статья научная
Polazeći od opšteprihvaćenog stava da je prodaja jedna od ključnih funkcija u organizacionoj strukturi preduzeća, sve veći zahtevi koji se postavljaju pred menadžment prodaje, doprineli su snažnoj profesionalizaciji ove poslovne i marketing funkcije. U skladu sa marketinškim načinom poslovanja, prodaja usklađuje napore prodavaca sa potrebama kupaca i ukazuje kupcima da su prodavci spremni i voljni da izađu u susret njihovim zahtevima. Prodaja je profesija koju nije lako savladati. Na svom najkompleksnijem nivou, ona uključuje učenja i veštine koje podrazumevaju koncepte i principe: psihologije, sociologije, komunikacija, menadžmenta, ekonomije i marketinga, što podrazumeva bihejvioristički pristup prodajnim aktivnostima kompanija.
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Obezbeđenje plasmana u funkciji upravljanja kreditnim rizikom
Статья научная
Kreditni rizik imanentan je svakom vidu kreditiranja, a nastaje i pod uticajem eksternih i internih faktora. Cilj ovog rada je da ukaze upravo na te faktore koji su danas opredeljujuci u procesu kreditiranja i cije kvantifikovanje i ocena postaju jedina sansa za banke da preduprede eventualne gubitke u kreditnom poslu.
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Obtaining funds on the basis of leasing in the Republic of Srpska
Статья научная
This paper is dedicated to leasing operations in the Republic of Srpska, which are regulated by law. Leasing is a legal transaction where the lessor transfers the right to hold and use the leased object to the lessee for a certain period, with his obligation to pay the agreed leasing fee and with the right to return the leased object to the lessor, buy it or extend the lease agreement. This way of financing is mostly used by newly established, small and medium enterprises, which do not already have the amount of funds needed to obtain investment goods. By concluding a leasing contract, the lessee does not acquire the right of ownership over the object of leasing, but acquires economic benefits from the use of the object of leasing. The lease agreement usually coincides in time with the useful life of the assets, i.e. the period of depreciation calculation. The practice is that the same contract allows the lessee to repurchase the leased asset at a symbolic price.
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Статья научная
Every company intending to increase its value must maintain good relationship with its employees. If the employees are reliable, kind and competent, the a circle of satisfied and loyal clients will grow; the customers will become partners. For this reason companies have to take care of their employees who, in fact, constitute the company. To provide such employees capable of increasing the value of the company, same authors propose a so-called "wheel of success", consisting of three phases: accurate and successful recruitment of labor, providing continuous support and development to the employees, and good rewarding system.
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Odnos načela procesne ekonomije i sporazuma o svedočenju
Статья научная
Poslednjih godina sve se više teži tome da krivični postupak bude efikasan, a uporedo sa time i ekonomičan. U korak sa tako postavljenim međunarodnopravnim standardima, Republika Srbija je prvi put, Zakonikom o krivičnom postupku od 2006. godine regulisala sporazum o priznanju krivičnog dela. Reformisanim Zakonikom o krivičnom postupku od 2011. godine, uvedene su još dve slične krivičnoprocesne forme, sporazum o svedočenju okrivljenog i sporazum o svedočenju osuđenog. Za kratko vreme koliko egzistira u našoj pravosudnoj praksi, sporazum o priznanju krivičnog dela je dao veoma uspešne rezultate. Pritom se pokazao kao izuzetno efikasan i ekonomičan. Sporazumom o svedočenju okrivljenog, okrivljeni priznaje izvršenje krivičnog dela i preuzima obavezu da će svedočiti protiv saučesnika. Svrha ovog instituta jeste da javni tužilac dobije pouzdanog svedoka optužbe, koji bi svojim iskazom doprineo osudi saučesnika. Kako se u literaturi, sporazumu o priznanju krivičnog dela i sporazumu o svedočenju okrivljenog, daje karakter pojednostavljenih krivičnoprocesnih formi, autor za cilj ima ustanoviti, da li se zaista svi segmenti načela procesne ekonomije realizuju i u odnosu na okrivljenog saradnika.
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Статья научная
Rad se bavi istraživanjem značaja uređenja finansijskih tržišta za razvoj poslovnih i razvojnih aktivnosti u Republici Srbiji. Naime, pravno uređenje finansijskih tržišta ima za cilj, pre svega, stvaranje ambijenta za uspešno poslovanje i zaštitu investitora kroz obezbeđenje efikasnog, poštenog i transparentnog tržišta. U takvom ambijentu stvaraju se predpostavke za osnivanje novih pravnih privrednih subjekata na finansijskom tržištu u Srbiji. Reč je o investicionim fondovima čije je formiranje i poslovanje omogućeno donošenjem Zakona o investicionim fondovima Republike Srbije iz 2006. godine. U radu se razmatra suština i značaj donošenja ovog Zakona ali i njegova primena u praksi. Konačno, ukazuje se i na neophodnost prilagođavanja normativnog okvira u oblasti regulative investicionih fondova u skladu sa potrebama daljeg razvoja finansijskih tržišta u Srbiji. Razmatrala se veza i povezanost pravnog i ekonomskog sistema i uticaj te povezanosti na poslovanje investicionih fondova. Takođe analizirao se i uticaj finansijske krize na kratanja na finansijskom tržištu Republike Srbije i prilagođavanja poslovanja fondova novonastaloj situaciji na tržištu.
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Oligarchization of the Russian economy: Causes, course and consequences
Статья научная
The reforms of the 90s in Russia aimed at transferring the economy to a market economy were carried out hastily, without considering national, geographical, and historical specifics. Nihilism in the economic, political, and legal spheres of society allowed the transfer of lucrative raw material industries into the hands of the oligarchs. Unprofitable industries fell into decline, which caused structural distortions in the economy. Thousands of cities and towns have disappeared, causing suffering for the people. In the 2000s, there was the centralization of power and rejection of reforms, the oligarchy merged with the state into financial and industrial groups. The consequence was the emergence of a parasitic form of criminal oligarchic capitalism, motivated to export capital from Russia. At the same time, in Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Poland, Czechoslovakia and the Baltic states, reforms and privatization followed a different path. Oligarchization stopped the economic development of Russia and intensified the negative consequences. About this in the paper.
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Статья научная
The goal of the paper is to point to the role and importance of organization design as a tool for strategy implementation, together with a dominant, role of technology in shaping the design. Namely, the development, of modern information and communication technology (ICT) is accompanied by the creation of new organizational forms, which enable the management, and employees to carry out, a significant, portion of work from home. The central focus of this paper is the impact, of technology on the creation of new forms of design, with a virtual organization taking up a particularly prominent, position. We underline the fact, that, among many changes that, the coronavirus pandemic has produced in everyday life, working from home can be considered as the most, drastic one; hence, its harmful effects are underscored, such as those relating to negative psychological effects, anxiety disorders, health issues, job loss, decreased efficiency and reduced satisfaction of the employees.
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Osnovna metodološka polazišta strukovnog istraživanja ekonomskih pojava
Статья научная
Specijalistički stručni rad je svojevrsni projekat istraživanja nekog ekonomskog pitanja (problema). Ovaj rad ima za cilj da pokaže da se u izradi specijalističkog projekta primenjuju naučne metode istraživanja bez obzira što ova kategorija stvaralaštva ne spada u domen naučnog stvaralaštva. Primena principa, pravila i procedura naučnog metoda u izradi specijalističkog rada omogućava da se na jasan, konsistentan, sistematičan i logičan način pristupi istraživanju i dodje do određenih saznanja ili zaključaka o konkretnom istraživačkom pitanju (problemu).
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Overview of individual models of companies performance reporting: Business performances reporting
Статья научная
For years, financial statements have been key instruments of the financial reporting process and a way for companies to communicate, primarily with external, but also internal stakeholders. However, modern business conditions of the company have imposed the need not only for adjustments in the processes related to management and operations, but also in the process of financial reporting and it lead to the business reports. The aim of this paper is to point out the need for reporting on all business performance of the company and not only financial, as well as to point out possible solutions in the form of certain conceptual frameworks. The subject of this paper are various forms of reporting on business performance of the company. The object of research are companies and their performance.
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Paradigms of application of artificial intelligence from the aspect of ethics in improving qality
Статья научная
In this research paper, based on a systematic review of the relevant scientific literature, the results of research on the use of artificial intelligence in companies from the ethical aspect will be presented. In this context, the paper will investigate the issues arising from the need to establish ethical guidelines for the effective use of methods, techniques and tools of artificial intelligence. For the purposes of the work, various aspects of ethics related to artificial intelligence will be evolved and key challenges that appear in business processes of companies and business systems will be analyzed. The fundamental goal is to investigate how to act ethically in this dynamic environment, while achieving competitive advantage and sustainable business development, that is, to identify the ethical dilemmas of using artificial intelligence in the working environment of individuals and to formulate recommendations to companies and organizations for its ethical use and implementation. The research results point to the necessity of including ethical principles already in the planning and development phase of artificially intelligent systems. The results show that it is necessary for companies and business systems to recognize values such as fairness, transparency and accountability and to integrate them into their business practices. A quantitative methodological approach was used, conducted on the basis of a survey questionnaire. The results of research into the application of artificial intelligence in practice indicate that employees evaluate all organizational practices that would help reduce the occurrence of ethical dilemmas as extremely important and useful, where the biggest identified ethical dilemma is the reduction of work ability and skills due to the possibility of relying on artificial intelligence systems.
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Payment digitalization in response to the challenges of a cashless society
Статья научная
Payment digitalization, as reflected in the topic of this paper, represents one of the key transformations with significant implications for improving the financial system and fostering economic growth, while responding to contemporary trends. The paper focuses on the process of payment digitalization through three sections, which directly affect complementarity and practical developments in the economies of Serbia and the Western Balkans. The findings indicate that Serbia and the Western Balkans lag behind developed European economies, and that cash still dominates as a method of payment in our region. This is corroborated by our field surveys conducted in Serbia and Montenegro (Kraljevo, Plav and Rožaje). These results are further complemented by a comparison with the prevalence of digital payments globally and within the EU. The study suggests that, without coordinated actions at all levels - from financial institutions to citizen education - the transition toward a cashless society will remain constrained, despite its potential to deliver innovations in security, privacy and inclusiveness.
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Perspectives of international trade in services
Статья научная
The dynamic development of service activities in the world has led to their increasing contribution to the overall economic and social development. The service sector has become the driving force of economic development in most countries and the most dynamic component of international trade. The service sector participates with over 60% in the gross national income of the world economy. While the number of employees in industry and agriculture is rapidly declining, in most developed countries employment in services exceeds 80%. The shift towards services is attributed to the growth of living standards, increase of free time, change of lifestyle, development of technology. Technology development is one of the most important factors in the accelerated development of services. Thanks to the development of information technology and the reduction of communication costs, there has been a significant improvement in international trade in services. The crisis caused by COVID-19 caused huge losses in the export of services, but it pointed out the importance of technology and long-term technological changes in the service sector.
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Perspektive online osiguranja u Republici Srbiji
Статья научная
Institucija osiguranja, kao konzervativna finansijska institucija, se među poslednjima sreće sa elektronskim poslovanjem. Primena savremenih informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija u osiguranju, a naročito interneta dovodi do prodaje usluga osiguranja elektronskim putem. Zato su osiguravajuća društva, da bi približila svoje proizvode krajnjim kupcima, osiguranicima, i da bi smanjila svoje troškove prihvatila elektronsko poslovanje kao samoodrživi kanal prodaje. Još uvek se internet u delatnosti osiguranja koristi najviše u informativne svrhe, ali je budućnost na njegovoj strani, tako da možemo u bliskoj budućnosti da očekujemo da usluge osiguranja budu predstavljene preko aplikacija za pametne telefone, jer slične aplikacije namenjene za bankarstvo već funkcionišu u Srbiji.
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Plasman proizvoda na tržište u odnosu na njegove karakteristike i kvalitet
Статья научная
Product is a starting point and target of every production, but also of many other human activities. To create a product we must have an idea about its future appearance, its features and its function. However, the leading role have consumers, as it is them who finally decide to purchase a product made by a specific manufacturer, on the basis of their personal evaluation of the product. For this reason, producers attempt to achieve the best possible product placement on the market, to attract as many consumers as possible, and to eliminate the competition. Design, brand, style, fashion and packaging are of great importance for conquering the market. Of course, beside these, quality of the product is equally as essential to satisfy the customers.
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Pojedinačni ulagači u Republici Srbiji i investicioni fondovi - faktori koji ih razdvajaju
Статья научная
Svaki građanin u Republici Srbiji ima pred sobom još jednu mogućnost za ulaganje i uveéanje svojih prihoda - investicione fondove. Prvi fondovi su svoje poslovanje započeli ubrzo nakon usvajanja Zakona o investicionim fondovima 2006. godine kada je i pravno formalno omoguéeno njihovo osnivanje i poslovanje. Početne godine u poslovanju obeležili su negatívni uticaji koji su bili posledica velike krize na svetskim tržištima. Glavni razlozi koji ograničavaju veée ulaganje pojedinačnih ulagača u investicione fondove jesu nizak standard i finansijski status građana u Srbiji, nerazvijena nacionalna ekonomija, nerazvijeno finansijsko tržište, a posledično tome i niski i zanemarljivi prihodi investicionih fondova.
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Pojmovno određenje životne sredine i međusobni odnosi njenih elemenata
Статья научная
Dvadeseti vek obeležila je, pored ostalog međunarodna afirmacija ljudskih prava i sloboda usvajanjem Deklaracije o univerzalnim ljudskim pravima i slobodama (1948) i dva međunarodna pakta koja su predstavljali pojašnjavanje i operalizaciju mogućnosti tih prava i sloboda. Ovim dokumentima koje je usvojila organizacija ujedinjenih nacija prvi put svetska zajednica garantuje individualna politička, ekonomska i socijalna prava svim ljudskim bićima bez obzira da li su državljani ili nisu pojedinih država. Polazeći od globalnog karaktera, globalnih a pre svega ekoloških problema i njihovog rešavanja kao ostvarivanje prava na životnu sredinu, u radu se čini osvrt na međunarodnu saradnju u zaštiti i unapređenju životne sredine tj. rešavanju ekoloških problema.
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