Science, Education and Innovations in the Context of Modern Problems @imcra
Статьи журнала - Science, Education and Innovations in the Context of Modern Problems
Все статьи: 838
Статья научная
This article addresses the phenomenon of irregular migration from a legal, political, and security per-spective. This phenomenon has posed a serious threat to both source countries, transit countries, and receiving countries, which has had a significant impact on the policies of these nations. The dynamics of migration in the Southern Mediterranean region, which has shifted from being a transit area to a destina-tion for settlement, are linked to a range of political, legal, and security challenges. These include the rise of organized crime, international drug trafficking, and the risks of recruitment by terrorist groups. Con-sequently, irregular migration is no longer just a social issue but has become one with legal, political, and security implications due to the impacts and challenges it presents for states. These challenges primarily include crimes committed by irregular migrants. As a result, there has been a growing need for interna-tional cooperation through the enactment of laws aimed at combating the phenomenon of irregular mi-gration. This also involves taking appropriate measures and establishing mechanisms, such as bilateral and multilateral agreements between the concerned states, to address the root causes of migration.
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Статья научная
Edgar Morin is regarded as one of the most prominent French philosophers and is known for his critical contributions aimed at dismantling the foundations and principles of modernity, which are rooted in excessive rationalism and transcendent anthropocentrism. These very principles, he argues, have plunged the world into a dual crisis: a spiritual crisis and an intellectual crisis. As a result, modernity has deviated from its intended role of fostering progress and development, instead becoming a catalyst for wars and discord. To overcome these crises, Morin emphasises the urgent need to focus on the pillars of civilisation, namely, education and art, and, more importantly, to reform thought and critique blind reason.
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The Development of Chinese Investments in the Renewable Energy Sector in African Countries
Статья научная
This study aims to explore and analyze the nature of Chinese investments in the renewable energy sector in African countries and to identify the various challenges and structural obstacles facing its development. Among the key findings of the study is the doubling of Chinese investments in renewable energy in African countries in recent years, thanks to China's massive expansion in production capacities and the strong presence of its companies, which possess a wide range of green technology applications, along with relatively low costs, especially in the fields of solar and wind energy. This results in maximizing the economic benefits for both China and African countries. On the other hand, the limited access to private and foreign financing, the underdeveloped infrastructure and networks, and the unstable financial and economic conditions have contributed to accelerating and strengthening Sino-African cooperation. This has been achieved by redirecting the Belt and Road Initiative — a global infrastructure development project — to focus on clean energy and green infrastructure, thereby facilitating access to funding for renewable energy projects. The cooperation between the Chinese public and private sectors helps to speed up the implementation of large-scale renewable energy projects across the continent, in addition to leveraging the advantages of exploiting Africa’s rare vital minerals, which are essential for technological industries and clean energy.
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The Didactics of the Literary Text in Light of the Textual Approach
Статья научная
This study aims to highlight the importance of teaching literary texts in developing the learner’s linguistic, cultural, and aesthetic competencies, with a focus on the transformations that this teaching has undergone due to the evolution of modern linguistic and critical theories. It particularly examines the shift from traditional explanation methods to more open approaches, foremost among them the textual approach. The results showed that teaching literary texts according to the textual approach effectively contributes to enhancing the learner’s linguistic and critical abilities by engaging with the text as an integrated unit connected to its cultural, social, and artistic contexts. The study also demonstrated that adopting the textual approach helps learners acquire skills in comprehension, analysis, and language production, making it an effective educational tool for achieving contemporary educational and linguistic goals.
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The Differential Matrix of Islamic Finance Instruments and Their Role in Financing Budget Deficits
Статья научная
Islamic financial instruments, based on a participation economy and utilizing a differential matrix for financing budget deficits, enable the selection of the most suitable methods for funding individual or combined budgetary shortfalls. When a state employs the Salam instrument, it fosters economic growth by leveraging human and natural resources across various sectors and activities while addressing all societal needs. Similarly, Ijarahsukuk ensure medium- to long-term financing, serving as an optimal alternative to public debt bonds for funding the acquisition of fixed assets for productive and service-oriented government projects.
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The Digital Currency "Bitcoin (BTC)" and the Position of Criminal Legislation Towards It
Статья научная
This study aims to illuminate a recently emerged digital currency known as Bitcoin to dispel the ambiguity surrounding it and introduce it to the public. This will be achieved by defining its concept and characteristics and outlining the key differences between it and traditional currency. Furthermore, the study seeks to identify the methods of acquiring Bitcoin, the volume of its global transactions, the position of favourable legislation towards it, and the main practical challenges it faces.
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The Discretionary Power of the Criminal Judge in Conviction Based on Evidence
Статья научная
The Algerian legislator has granted the criminal trial judge broad discretionary power in being convinced by the evidence upon which the judgment is based, whether that evidence serves to establish the charge and attribute it to the accused, thereby leading to a conviction, or whether it serves to negate the charge, resulting in an acquittal. The legislator has set specific conditions regarding the evidence upon which the criminal trial judge forms his convic-tion, notably by requiring that the evidence be lawful and discussed in an adversarial manner during court proceed-ings by both parties. Furthermore, the legislator has established guidelines governing the judge's freedom in as-sessing evidence according to his discretionary authority. As a general principle, the judge is granted complete freedom to be convinced by the evidence, with the sole obligation of providing reasoning for the judgment. How-ever, by exception, the legislator has imposed certain restrictions on this discretionary power in the judge's convic-tion based on evidence.
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The Distribution of Public Facilities and Its Impact on Urban Dynamics in the City of Tissemsilt
Статья научная
The spatial distribution of public facilities is a key factor shaping urban development, influencing city structure and growth patterns through spatial balance and functional efficiency. This study examines the relationship between public facility distribution, socio-demographic changes, and spatial evolution in Tissemsilt using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistical analysis. Findings reveal uneven facility allocation, with high concentrations in specific areas, leading to disparities in service accessibility and unbalanced urban growth. Tissemsilt's urban dynamics are driven by rapid population growth, informal urban expansion, and rigid planning frameworks that struggle to meet evolving needs. The study emphasizes that restructuring facility distribution through strategic planning and spatial equity can foster sustainable development. It recommends adaptive planning models tailored to the city’s socio-economic characteristics and periodic assessments to ensure alignment with changing urban demands.
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Статья научная
This study aims to highlight the impact of traditional games as one of the educational meth-ods adopted by many human societies in the process of raising their individuals and instilling in them the values and customs of the community. Particularly, these traditional or heritage games, with their educational contents rooted in the characteristics and culture of the society, are akin to hidden curricula that exert their influence on these young children. To this day, traditional games remain among the most common and widespread games within rural, nomadic, and especially de-sert environments, where the characteristics of these environments have made them suitable spac-es for such a type of human activity. A village or "badiya" (Ghamra) in the vicinity of the southern province of Touggourt represents one of these environments where these games are prevalent as methods of social upbringing. Through this study, we have attempted to explore the types of these prevalent games, their characteristics, their relationship with the natural and social environment of the village, and to uncover the educational contents within them and their impact on the social upbringing of the village's individuals.
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The Effectiveness of Digital Transformation in Enhancing Tax Collection in Algeria
Статья научная
This study analyzes the impact of digital transformation on the performance of the Algerian tax system, focusing on the platforms "Jibayatic" and "Moussahamatik." It aims to determine the extent to which digitization contrib utes to improving tax revenue collection and establishing governance. The results show a notable improvement in ordinary tax revenues between 2015 and 2018, despite persistent obstacles such as tax fraud, lack of resources, and delays in the widespread ado ption of digital technology. The study also reveals that the establishment of a modern tax administration is progressing slowly due to institutional and material constraints. However, digitalization proves to be an essential lever to modernize public manag ement, improve tax efficiency, and strengthen transparency. Its success depends on better dissemination of digital culture, alignment with international standards, and strengthening mechanisms to combat fraud.
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The Environmental Dimension of Public Order in Algeria
Статья научная
Public order comprises public security, public health, public tranquility, and the aesthetic quality of cities, all of which are intrinsically linked to environmental preservation. Environmental pollution severely threatens human habitats, compromises public health through the spread of diseases via contaminated water and food, and disrupts tranquility with excessive noise pollution. Ensuring the physical and financial safety of individuals is impossible under such conditions. Responsibility for maintaining the environmental dimension of public order falls to public authorities, particularly administrative bodies such as the Ministry of Environment, municipalities, and provinces, which operate through various legal instruments provided by legislation.
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The Environmental System Supporting Green Marketing in Algeria
Статья научная
International pressures on governments regarding environmental issues have sig-nificantly increased, resulting in countries moving towards establishing laws to regulate the rela-tionship between humans and the environment. Algerian companies and business organizations have begun rethinking their environmental awareness and how to market their products, while the government focuses on sustainable development. This has driven companies to adopt marketing strategies that take environmental factors into account. Thus, the concept of "green marketing" emerged, reflecting social and ethical responsibility in marketing. With the growing global interest in protecting consumer rights and the rise of environmental movements, companies have started launching environmentally friendly products and ensuring their projects are environmentally sus-tainable, while considering economic efficiency and social justice. This is the goal of environmental policies in Algeria.
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The Ethics of Care from the Perspective of Virginia Held
Статья научная
Virginia Held believes that while some propose replacing the term ―ethics of care‖ with ―ethics of love‖ or ―relational ethics,‖ the term ―ethics of care‖ remains the most appropriate among these alternatives. In her view, care is a concept tied to the lived realities and practices of people, rather than an idealized or impractical notion. She emphasizes that the ethics of care represents a distinct ethical theory or orientation, not merely a concern that can be added to or integrated within traditional approaches such as Kantian ethics, utilitarianism, or virtue ethics. According to Held, the primary role and focus of the ethics of care lies in attending to and meeting the individual needs of those for whom we are responsible. She argues that the ethics of care holds a more vital role than justice, in contrast to many past and contemporary thinkers. Her firm belief is that while life can remain intact without justice, it cannot endure without care. Justice, she asserts, does not concern itself with children, the elderly, the sick, or the disabled—unlike care. Therefore, she regards care as ontologically prior to justice, despite acknowledging the significant role that justice plays.
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The Ethics of the Using New Technology in the context of Modern Problems
Статья научная
This paper attempts to define ethical standards for global communication within the social media. It is shown that the strong influence of social media not only clashes with governmental control instances but also comes into conflict with the abusive practice of its own users. The next part illustrates the necessity for a globally accepted value canon based on the principle of “dialogue”. The acknowledgment of the diversity of cultures is identified as a decisive factor. The final part determines which instances are responsible for implementing these values. Ultimately, the conclusion is reached that is does not suffice to have control over the technical and formal rules of social media, as global dialogue requires a commitment to education and knowledge obtained from a life- long learning process. Only the knowledge of one´s own tradition and the familiarity with the conditions of one´s own society make it possible to accept others without fear. The situation in 2011 They are still fresh in our memory due to our unrestricted access to the new media: already a small selection of the events that occurred in July and August 2011 shows us the dimension of the problem: violent conflicts in Tunisia, Egypt, Syria or Libya, the assassinations committed by a highly connected single perpetrator from the midst of society in Oslo/Norway, the riots in London: what is the commonality between all these incidents that took place in such different countries? What is the difference between one and the same YouTube video depicting a young man fleeing from soldiers when (a) uploaded by his sympathizers in order to encourage the readiness for resistance or (b) uploaded by the authorities as a warning of the consequences a recurrence would entail? One might interpret these incidents as an agglomeration of criminal energy caused by the networking of its participants while another might take them for a heroic mission aimed at liberating the people from the detested authorities. Both these assessments of the same video are based on a specific understanding of societal values, and both assessments effect actions. But which one is the truth? Is there even a single indisputable truth? One party calls for increased governmental control of social networking sites to which another party responds by scathing the element of censorship which, in their opinion, could not impede the movement anyway.
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Статья научная
The present study aims to examine the degree to which play is employed to reduce aggressive behavior in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from the viewpoint of educators, and to investigate whether any statistically significant differences emerge due to the variables of gender and professional tenure. Accordingly, employing a descriptive research design, the study administered a 16-item questionnaire to a sample of 45 educators working in psychological-pedagogical centers and associations dedicated to the care of children with ASD in the wilayas of Mascara and Saida. The findings revealed a low level of play usage in curbing aggressive behavior among children with ASD, with no statistically significant differences in play-based interventions attributable to gender or professional experience.
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The Food Industry of Iran Islamic Republic
Статья научная
Complex, which for education and research was established in 1374 from the Supreme Council to expand the license agreement to establish a research group received. Food industry complex with 4000 square meters production workshop with 3 districts, Sardakhankhay above zero and below zero, boiler plants and compressed air.
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Статья научная
This study aims to analyze the psychological warfare strategy adopted by the French colonial authorities against the Algerian people within the internment camps, following their realization of the profound support the Algerians extended to the national liberation movement. The research seeks to uncover the psychological and social reper-cussions of this strategy on the camp detainees and to assess its overall effectiveness. The study is guided by a cen-tral research question: how was the internment policy utilized as a tool of psychological warfare, and to what extent did it impact the psychological and social condition of the Algerian population? To address this, the study employs the historical method to trace the evolution and implementation of the internment policy, in addition to using descriptive and analytical approaches to examine the various psychological mechanisms employed by the French and to evaluate their outcomes. The findings reveal that, although France succeeded in forcibly concentrating large numbers of Algerians in these camps and subjected them to ongoing psychological pressure, it ultimately failed to achieve its intended objectives. The suffering endured by Algerians in the camps became a catalyst for strengthen-ing their national consciousness and deepening their belief in the justice of their cause.
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Статья научная
This study examines the French settlement policy in Algeria in 1902, focusing on the detailed information provided in the Tunisian Archive Document No. 3214. The document offers an insight-ful account of the establishment of new settlements in Algeria, highlighting the allocation of fertile agricultural lands in the provinces of Algeria, Oran, and Constantine. It also explores the French administration's strategy to increase settler populations, enhance agricultural production, and se-cure raw materials for French industry. The study delves into the conditions and advantages grant-ed to French settlers, such as land ownership policies, incentives, and assistance, while also examin-ing the tragic consequences for the indigenous Algerian population, who lost their lands and were relegated to laborers under the settlers. By analyzing the document, this paper sheds light on the economic, social, and political impacts of the French colonial settlement and its lasting effects on Algeria. Through this archival document, the study offers a comprehensive understanding of French settlement strategies and their broader implications, paving the way for further research on Alge-ria's colonial history and its struggle for independence.
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The Horizon of Startups in Algeria in Light of Law 22-18
Статья научная
Law 22-18 reflects a genuine desire to effectively boost the national economy. It is a law that provides for no discrimination between private and public investors, nor between Algerian and foreign investors. The investor will deal with a single point of contact: the Investment Promotion Agency (API). Among its new provisions is the creation of the One-Stop Shop, which addresses key areas such as investor expectations and access to land — a matter specifically handled by the One-Stop Shop. There are also obligations for investors who benefit from incentives; they must commit to fulfilling all related obligations. The changes are assessed on two levels: In terms of principles: the freedom to invest, equality between resident and non-resident investors, stability, and speed in the processing of investment applications. On the second level, regarding the advantages granted to investors: the establishment of the non-retroactivity of laws and assurances regarding the transfer of dividends and the repatriation of proceeds from the sale of foreign investments in a straightforward manner.
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Статья научная
The article deals with the phenomenon of humanity in the aspect of Islamic cultural tradition. Through the concepts of "zakat" and "sadaqah" the essence of charitable practice in Islam is revealed as a practical expression of the idea of humanity. The author emphasizes the characteristic of Islam, like all Eastern cultures, the spread of a merciful attitude not only to man, but also to the natural world. Humanity and mercy, the patterns of which are set by Allah himself, contain brightly in Islam pronounced socializing and integrating function. The article discusses the phenomenon of humanity in the aspect of Islamic cultural traditions. Through the concept of "zakjat" and "sadaka" reveals the essence of the charitable practices of Islam as a practical expression of the idea of humanity.The author stresses inherent in Islam, as in all Eastern cultures, the spread of the merciful attitude not only rights but also on the natural world. Humanity and compassion, samples of which defines itself Allah in Islam contain a pronounced socializing and integrating function.
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