Science, Education and Innovations in the Context of Modern Problems @imcra
Статьи журнала - Science, Education and Innovations in the Context of Modern Problems
Все статьи: 838
Статья научная
Philosophy as a teaching subject receives considerable attention within the educational system, and philoso-phy lessons remain a primary concern for researchers and students. Hardly a year passes without the organi-sation of numerous studies and forums aimed at charting a course for the success of the philosophy lesson and examining the reality of philosophy teaching in educational institutions. These efforts seek to confront the key obstacles that hinder the success of the educational process and the achievement of the intended effectiveness of the philosophy lesson.
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Challenges and Legal Mechanisms: Upholding the Right to Asylum in Public International Law
Статья научная
The right to asylum and safe refuge is a fundamental principle embedded in international law, evolving to address global challenges like political persecution and violence. Historically, asylum progressed from ancient religious sanctuaries to formalized legal frameworks, culminating in modern international and regional conventions. Key instruments like the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol, alongside African and American regional agreements, have significantly broadened the definition of a refugee, expanding protection to include those fleeing aggression, widespread violence, and human rights violations. These collective efforts aim to ensure international legal protection and humanitarian aid for individuals seeking refuge from persecution.
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Статья научная
This study investigates the challenges associated with implementing guidance practices within the realm of contemporary information technology. Utilizing a descriptive exploratory methodology, a survey was meticulously crafted to gauge these complexities. Rigorous validation and reliability assessments were conducted on the survey before its distribution to a primary cohort of 100 high school guidance counselors. The responses were methodically analyzed using SPSS software (version 22), yielding key insights: •The level of challenges encountered in implementing guidance practices within modern information technology contexts is moderately challenging. •No statistically significant variances were found in the perceived challenges among guidance counselors when differentiated by educational attainment, hierarchical status (senior vs. regular), or years of experience.
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Chronic Kidney Disease Analysis Using Machine Learning
Статья научная
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressively developing medical condition affecting millions globally, commonly remaining asymptomatic until reaching advanced stages. Timely detection plays a crucial role in enhancing patient outcomes and reducing healthcare expenses. The utilization of machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as a potent approach for identifying CKD through the analysis of clinical and biochemical data. This investigation delves into the utilization of supervised learning algorithms, encompassing Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests, and Neural Networks, to forecast CKD using datasets that include patient details like age, blood pressure, glucose levels, and creatinine values. The outlined strategy underscores the significance of feature selection, model refinement, and cross validation to ensure heightened accuracy, precision, and recall levels. Findings suggest that ML models exhibit considerable predictive accuracy, surpassing conventional statistical methods in the early detection of CKD. This study accentuates the potential of machine learning in serving as a diagnostic tool in the healthcare sector, facilitating prompt intervention and enhanced disease management
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Citizen Adoption of AI and Blockchain Technologies within smart City Service Delivery in India
Статья научная
Smart cities are being planned and built to move away from unplanned urbanization and meet the increasing aspirations of citizens. Unplanned urbanization poses problems such as pollution, congestion, infrastructure burden, and service delays. Different technology-based solutions are being rolled out to provide citizen services to overcome these problems. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain are two emerging technologies that can transform the way smart city services are managed and delivered. However, it is equally important to understand key enablers and barriers in adopting such emerging technology-based solutions from a citizen's point of view. This research paper proposes a novel conceptual framework based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and e-Government Adoption Model of technology adoption along with other AI and Blockchain specific fac-tors such as Anthropomorphism, ethics, bias, expected rewards, trust, and security. The paper also dis-cusses various applications of AI and Blockchain in smart city citizen service delivery.
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Civil Liability for Medical Experiments
Статья научная
Medical experiments on the human body are among the medical interventions that cannot be avoided for the advancement of medical and surgical sciences. Thanks to these experiments, scientists have been able to reduce many diseases that claimed numerous human lives for a long time; many of them have now faded into oblivion, and those that remain no longer pose a danger to humanity’s future, as their treatments are now accessible. For a human body experiment to be legitimate, it must be conducted according to specific legal conditions and regulations. Violation of these legal frameworks for conducting medical experiments results in the civil liability of the person conducting the experiment. This liability may take two forms: contractual liability, which arises if there is a valid contract between the harmed subject and the responsible physician-researcher, and if the damage resulted from the physician’s breach of contractual obligations; or tortious liability, which arises when the physician-researcher violates a legal duty imposed by the law regulating the medical profession, causing harm to the test subject.
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Civil and political rights of Muslim women in the Russian Empire in the early Twentieth century
Статья научная
In today's post-Soviet Muslim societies a range of issues gained urgency, including the history of gender relations in which once again "women's issue" came to the fore in the national history. Gender balance has been violated for a long time in historical science. The studies mainly describe the activities and experiences of men. Women, who make up the half of population, a long time, have been remained invisible in history. In studies of Soviet historians mainly were analyzed processes of initiation of women to social production, the activities of the party apparatus for work among women, was examined becoming the organizational structure of the Women's Department at the party apparatus. The development of a new direction in historical scholarship - historical feminology, changed the situation somewhat. The first development had been begun in the US and Europe, but in the post-Soviet countries there is a lack of research on the history of women. The presented article is an attempt in some way to fill the gap in the historiography; to investigate the situation, civil and political rights of Muslim women's in the context of the history of the Muslim peoples of the Russian Empire.
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Clashing nature of nuclear tones
Статья научная
For a long time intonation was regarded as “pronunciation” of grammar, i.e. intonation was viewed just as a means of uttering certain types of sentences – general question with rising tone, special questions, statements, exclamatory sentences with falling tone, etc. In the late XX century intonation was considered a powerful tool that contributes to the meaning of utterances. Still even current theories restrict the scope of intonation to just five or seven nuclear tones that convey definite attitudes, emotions or feelings. However, in discursive analysis intonation can reveal as many meanings as the number of contexts. Even simple nuclear tones such as low falling or low rising, which are believed to be unemphatic, are able to communicate variety of feelings used in different discourses. Emphatic tones are chiefly observed in ironical, sarcastic, humoristic discourses granting lexis to convey more than dictionary meaning. The research paper observes and illustrates numerous extracts from close-to-real-life situations, i.e. situational comedies and movies, to prove that the attitudes and meanings conveyed by nuclear tones cannot be limited to a certain number. In order to check the validity of observations, samples are included into Praat program which depicts temporal (red line), melodic (blue line) and dynamic (green line) parametres. The assumption is that intonation is capable to create as many meanings as the number of contexts. The article demonstrates cases when the same nucleus expresses a positive attitude in one situation, a negative connotation in another.
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Classification and labeling of food additives
Статья научная
Food additives are not an invention of our time, it had been used by humans during centuries. As soon as a human population began to engage in farming and animal husbandry, it became necessary to make stocks of food and take care of its preservation. They discovered the canning effect of salt, smoke, cold and vinegar. The latter, as assumed, are obtained accidentally from sour vinegar. XX century characterized by rapid development of this branch. The use of food additives has shifted from the area of home kitchens to the area of industrial production of products. In this case, the following directions are highlighted: increase the shelf life of products; change of its food value; improvement of product quality. According to the WHO, under the food additives are understood chemical substances and natural compounds that are not used in food itself, but are added to it to improve the quality of raw materials and finished products.
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Статья научная
Climate change has become one of the most prominent issues threatening environmental and human security, with environmental migration being one of its major consequences. This forces many individuals to leave their regions due to natural disasters such as droughts and floods, making migration a global issue that calls for a coordinated international response. In this context, countries, especially those in the Global South, face significant challenges in accommodating environmental refugees. This issue puts pressure on asylum systems, which are often ill-equipped to handle large numbers, and international laws regarding environmental refugees are still lacking, making it difficult to protect these individuals. Despite these challenges, this phenomenon presents an opportunity for international cooperation in formulating sustainable migration policies based on human rights, such as establishing mechanisms for adaptation to climate change and creating safe zones. This research focuses on studying the challenges of environmental migration and how to address them, with an emphasis on providing legal protection for environmental refugees. It also points out that solutions require international cooperation and the development of sustainable migration policies that include mechanisms for adapting to climate change and providing safe areas.
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Статья научная
Climate change has become one of the most prominent issues threatening environmental and human security, with environmental migration being one of its major consequences. This forces many individuals to leave their regions due to natural disasters such as droughts and floods, making migration a global issue that calls for a coordinated international response. In this context, countries, especially those in the Global South, face significant challenges in accommodating environmental refugees. This issue puts pressure on asylum systems, which are often ill-equipped to handle large numbers, and international laws regarding environmental refugees are still lacking, making it difficult to protect these individuals. Despite these challenges, this phenomenon presents an opportunity for international cooperation in formulating sustainable migration policies based on human rights, such as establishing mechanisms for adaptation to climate change and creating safe zones. This research focuses on studying the challenges of environmental migration and how to address them, with an emphasis on providing legal protection for environmental refugees. It also points out that solutions require international cooperation and the development of sustainable migration policies that include mechanisms for adapting to climate change and providing safe areas.
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Communication Obstacles in Institutions: A Socio-Anthropological Analysis
Статья научная
This extended article offers a comprehensive Socio-Anthropological exploration of communication barriers in institu-tions. It examines how personal, structural, cultural, and symbolic obstacles function in tandem to reproduce power hierarchies, marginalize vulnerable groups, and distort institutional dialogue. Drawing on a broad range of theoretical perspectives—from Foucault and Bourdieu to Lorde and Fanon—alongside contemporary case studies, this analysis unveils the systemic nature of communicative injustice. It concludes with evidence-based strategies for fostering inclu-sive, transparent, and dialogical institutional cultures.
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Communication Problem of Perception
Статья научная
In the article, we focused on the semantic processes in the mind of the communicant. The only way to master meanings is to understanding. Cognitive understanding is the subject of epistemology (theories of cognition), and communication understanding has been studied by hermeneutics since antiquity. Communication cognition is creative cognitive act. The problem of communication cognition remains open; this is another, along with the problem of meaning, terra incognita of our science. In article we focused attention on semantic processes in consciousness of the communicant. The only way to seize senses is their understanding. The informative understanding is a subject of epistemology (the cognition theory), and communication understanding is studied by a hermeneutics since antiquity. The communication knowledge is the creative informative occupation. The problem of communication knowledge remains opened, it is one more, along with a sense problem, terra incognita of our science.
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Статья научная
This study explores the differences in sprint performance between futsal and outdoor soccer players, addressing the often-overlooked physical demands of each sport. Twenty-three athletes participated: 13 outdoor soccer players (NRBOD team) and 10 futsal players (ATM'SILA Futsal team) during the 2021/2022 season. The athletes completed a 20-meter sprint test, recorded with a 60 fps video camera and analyzed using Dartfish 10 Pro S software. Mean sprint times were calculated, and performance was evaluated using established criteria. Statistical analysis revealed that futsal players achieved faster sprint times compared to outdoor soccer players, with significant differences in effort evaluation based on the physical test benchmark. These results highlight the distinct physical requirements between the two sports, particularly in sprint performance. The findings suggest that coaches should recognize these differences when transitioning players between futsal and outdoor soccer. Tailored training programs that address the specific demands of each sport are recommended to optimize performance and reduce the risk of mismatched physical capabilities. This study underscores the importance of sport-specific conditioning and the need for caution when integrating players across these two physically distinct sports.
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Comparative Mechanism of Quality Management in Higher Education Institutions
Статья научная
The article examines the history and economic directions of the leading international, national and profile assessment systems to improve the work on assessment systems in higher education institutions in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Parameters are defined to ensure compatibility in each direction. Requirements have been developed for high quality and frequency of citations of pedagogical / academic staff, payment processing and quality indicators in the labor market, reputation of equipment in the labor market, leadership in scientific research, increasing the value of research. The study of the work on the systematization of rankings, assessment, substantiation of the essence of the concepts by conducting theoretical generalizations, is one of the means of improving the quality of higher education. The forthcoming tasks for the higher education system in the Republic of Azerbaijan, the formation and improvement of scientifically based methodology, taking into account the current state of higher education, the problem of determining the achievements of world experience in assessing and building the quality of higher education are solved and analyzed at the pedagogical level.
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Статья научная
This article analyzes the role and presence of world literature in Azerbaijani school textbooks through a comparative literarypedagogical approach. Emphasizing the need for curriculum reform in light of global educational integration, it advocates for the simultaneous teaching of canonical world texts and national classics. The inclusion of literary masterpieces such as Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, the Epic of Gilgamesh, European medieval legends, and works by Hugo, Balzac, Hemingway, SaintExupéry, and Verne, alongside Azerbaijani texts like KitabiDede Gorgud, Koroglu, and the works of Nizami, Nasimi, Fuzuli, and others, offers students broader cultural literacy and deeper humanistic values. Through comparative reading, students develop global perspectives, intercultural empathy, and aesthetic sensitivity. The article also draws on global pedagogical scholarship and national curriculum frameworks, supporting the thesis that world literature, when integrated meaningfully with Azerbaijani literature, fosters critical thinking, moral development, and cultural tolerance.
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Conceptualising identity negotiation through symbolic consumption in Malaysian Muslim converts
Статья научная
This particular research is designed in order to framework brand new Islamic changes within Malaysia’s encounter throughout their culture pattern in to the religious beliefs. The particular papers evaluations the particular extant books, emphasising the important thing constructs associated with nationalization, spiritual transformation, identi-fication settlement, plus representational usage. Depending on this particular evaluation, the particular writers recommend the conceptual design showing the effect associated with faith based personality development upon item or even brand name intake choice. The particular creators furthermore provide essential assumptive plus useful ramifications that will increase the growing ensemble associated with study about customer complex in addition to spiritual identification discussion, providing a much better description associ-ated with customer conduct within the framework regarding Islamic changes inside the halal company. This particular research floods a substantial space within learning the ef-fect associated with id arbitration upon merchandise or even brand name choice inside Malaysia. The conceptual platform might act as the springboard with regard to long term scientific study and may promote understanding associated with increasing financial sys-tems associated with halal business.
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Conflicts in a modern family from the social context
Статья научная
This is a problem of family stability, a problem of birth rate and a problem of tension in the sphere of everyday life. But even a high level of divorces does not mean the collapse of marriage as an institution and a crisis of the family in general. On the contrary, the family is recognized as an absolute value by all age categories. It is only a question of the quality of family relations, to which people make increasingly high demands.
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Статья научная
At present, with the era of knowledge economy, the competitiveness of the country in terms of its economy is greatly related to its own a dvanced technique and professional capabilities to a certain extent. The promotion of high and new technology industry development and the achievement of industrial goals are powerful measures to strengthen national competitiveness. In this paper, data min ing technology was used to build economic indicators of high and new technology industry. Under the premise that economic indicators of high and new technology industry are clear, factor analysis method was used to carry out dimension reduction operation, the key indicators were acquired, and the system was constructed and used to evaluate high and new technology industry owned by Zhejiang. It can be found that Zhejiang Province has a relatively solid foundation for economic development, and has a great cor relation with the local human resources, but compared with Jiangsu and Shanghai, there are still some disadvantages.
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Статья научная
This research paper aims to highlight consumer attitudes—comprising cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components—towards green products that align with environmental sustainability. These products are produced with a focus on reducing costs, waste, and emissions, resulting in environmentally and health-safe outputs. In the field study conducted on a sample of consumers in the Wilaya of Tissemsilt, 145 questionnaires were distributed, of which 120 were deemed valid for study and analysis using a purposive, non-random sampling method. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 25 software. The results indicated that Algerian consumers are willing to purchase and prefer green products over other alternatives, and are also ready to pay a premium for them. The study concluded by recommending the need to raise consumer awareness about the importance of green products by informing them of their environmental characteristics and multiple environmental and health benefits. It also emphasized the necessity for all economic institutions to adopt green marketing philosophies as an essential and inevitable part of their marketing strategies.
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